Histria (Black Sea)
Histria ( Greek Ἰστρίη ), also Istria , Istros ( Ἴστρος ) or Istropolis ( Ἰστρόπολις ), was an ancient city near what is now the Romanian town of Istria on the western coast of the Black Sea .
history
Histria became a colony of the Ionian city of Miletus towards the end of the 7th century BC. Founded. It got its name from the Danube , whose lower course the Greeks called Istros and which flows into the Black Sea at Histria. After the Persian Wars , Histria experienced in the 5th century BC A blossom (urban expansion, coinage). In the 4th century BC It came under Scythian influence, since Alexander the Great under Macedonian. From the 1st century BC Histria belonged to the Roman sphere of influence, interrupted by a brief rule of the Dacian king Burebista over the city. The decline of the city, which belonged to the Roman province of Moesia inferior (Lower Moesia ) during the Roman Empire , began with sacking by the Goths in the middle of the 3rd century AD, but it existed since Diocletian as part of the province of Scythia , continued into the early Byzantine period . After being destroyed by the Avars and Slavs, Histria was abandoned at the beginning of the 7th century AD.
archeology
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Since 1914, archaeological excavations by Romanian researchers have repeatedly taken place in Histria , in the initial period up to 1926 mainly by Vasile Pârvan , who uncovered parts of the Byzantine and Roman buildings and penetrated into the earliest Greek layers, which up to the 7th century BC. Go back. The foundations of a temple for Zeus Polieus from the 6th century BC were removed from the buildings from pre-Roman times . BC, remnants of a small Doric temple for Theos Megas and a Hellenistic Temple of Aphrodite were found. The majority of the archaeologically researched buildings belong to the late phase of the city (4th to 6th centuries). Four phases of the city walls (archaic, Hellenistic, early imperial, 3rd century after the Goths invasion) were identified.
The archaeological site of Histria bears the European Heritage Label .
literature
- Manfred Oppermann : Thracians, Greeks and Romans on the west coast of the Black Sea . Zabern's illustrated books on archeology . Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3739-7 .
- John Boardman : Colonies and Commerce of the Greeks. Beck, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-406-08039-1 .
- Jan Burian: Istros [3]. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 5, Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-476-01475-4 , Sp. 1150 f.
- Dionis M. Pippidi: Istros (Histria) Romania . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Ed.): The Greek colonization of the Black Sea area (= Historia, individual writings. Issue 121). Steiner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-515-07302-7 .
Web links
- Coins of Histria (English)
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 44 ° 33 ' N , 28 ° 46' E