Horace St. Paul

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Horace St. Paul of Ewart (born April 14, 1729 , † April 16, 1812 in Ewart Park, Northumberland ) was an Austrian colonel in the Seven Years' War and later a British diplomat .

biography

Family and youth

Horace St. Paul was born on April 14, 1729, the eldest son of Robert Paul, an English country gentleman from Northumberland on the border with Scotland. The intent of Saint was only granted to the family by a parliamentary act in January 1768. The family lived in Ewart House, a small manor next to the hamlet of Ewart Park, a mile and a half south of Doddington. The place had about 150 inhabitants at the time of Horace St. Paul. On July 4, 1749, he joined Gray's Inn with the intention of pursuing a legal career. Because of a jealousy, probably about the gift of a tobacco box, Horace St. Paul stabbed his rival in a duel on May 24, 1751 .

In the service of the empress

To avoid the death penalty, Horace St. Paul fled to Brussels via France . At the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, Horace St. Paul entered the Austrian service and took part in the campaigns in Bohemia as the aide-de-camp of Karl Alexander von Lorraine and, from 1757, of Field Marshal Leopold Joseph von Daun . Basis of merit, he was on 27 January 1759 by Maria Theresa in the imperial counts collected and received the rank of colonel of cavalry . Due to the existing arrest warrant, he could not yet take over the inheritance of his father, who died in 1762. Only in 1765 was he able to return to England via Paris, where the pardon from King George III. attained.

In the British diplomatic service

After his rehabilitation, Horace St. Paul entered the diplomatic service and in 1772 became secretary to the British Ambassador Lord Mansfield in Paris . In Paris he moved into a house on Rue de Grenelle and married Anne Weston, the daughter of Sir Henry Weston, on February 5, 1774 in the chapel of the British Embassy. The tasks of Horace St. Paul, who had extensive contacts due to his previous work in Austria, also included intelligence reports. On July 12, 1775, he was the first to report on the French support for the North American rebels by delivering weapons and ammunition via Santo Domingo . The British Government did not draw any conclusions from the report. On March 29, 1776, Horace St. Paul was in the absence of Lord Mansfield by King George III. Appointed Deputy Ambassador to the French Court . Briefly recalled to Sweden , he returned to Paris in January 1777. As a result of the British declaration of war on France in 1778, Horace St. Paul was recalled to England.

Retired

Suffering from diplomacy, he asked to leave and received a pension. Until his death in 1812 Horace St. Paul lived as a private citizen on his estate Ewart-House in Northumberland , where he died in 1812. Horace St. Paul was buried next to his wife Anne and son Henry in the village church of Doddington. His son Sir Horace David Cholwell St. Paul (January 6, 1775 - October 8, 1840) was a British MP and married Anna Maria Ward on May 4, 1803 .

meaning

Horace St. Paul recorded the events of the Seven Years' War in his diaries, which, like his diplomatic reports, letters and later records, are important sources for the history of the second half of the 18th century.

Works

  • Horace St. Paul: A journal of the first two campaigns of the seven years war, University Press, 1914, 432 pp.
  • Horace St. Paul: 1756: the war in Bohemia: the journal of Horace St Paul , ed., Neil Cogswell, Guisborough: Gralene Books, 1996.
  • Horace St. Paul: 1757: Reichenberg and Malleschitz: the journal of Horace St. Paul from 10th April to 6th May , eds., Neil Cogswell, Guisborough: Gralene Books, 1997.
  • Horace St. Paul: 1757: the defense of Prague  : the journal of Horace St. Paul from 7th May to 28th June including the Campaign of Marshal Daun, ed., Neil Cogswell, Guisborough: Gralene Books, 1998.
  • Horace St. Paul: 1757, from the Elbe to the Oder  : the journal of Horace St. Paul from June 28th to October 4th, ed., Neil Cogswell, Guisborough: Gralene Books, 2001.
  • Horace St. Paul: Nike and Nemesis  : the journal of Horace St Paul from October 5th 1757 to January 6th 1758, eds., Neil Cogswell, Guisborough: Gralene Books, 2004.
  • Horace St. Paul: 1758, Olmütz and Hochkirch  : the journal of Horace St. Paul from January 8th to November 28th 1758 ..., ed., Neil Cogswell, Guisborough: Gralene Books, 2006.
  • Horace St. Paul: 1759, Kunersdorf and Maxen  : the journal of Colonel Horace St. Paul from January 27th to November 25th 1759 ..., eds., Neil Cogswell, Guisborough: Gralene Books, 2007.
  • Horace St. Paul: 1760: Armageddon  : the journal of Colonel Horace St Paul, eds., Neil Cogswell, Guisborough: Gralene Books, 2010.

Portraits of Horace St. Paul

  • Richard Wilson: Horace Saint Paul, AD 1748, oil on linen, (pictured WG Constable: Richard Wilson, Routledge & Kegan Paul, figure 3a)
  • John Downman: Horace St. Paul, chalk and pen, 1799 (pictured in Butler 1911, Fontispiez volume I.)

literature

  • Horace St Paul: 'The counts of St. Paul', Kingston-on-Thames, Phillipson, 1904.
  • George Gray Butler Colonel St. Paul of Ewart, soldier and diplomat , London, St. Catherine Press, 1911
  • Louis Bruno Comte de Boisgelin, Ed. Neil Cogswell: My dear St. Paul ": letters from Loius [ie Louis] Bruno Comte de Boisgelin to Horace St. Paul, Guisborough , Gralene Books, 1997, 32 pp.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Whellan, William, & Co: History, Topography, and Directory of Northumberland: Comprising a General Survey of the County, and a History of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with Separate Historical, Statistical, and Descriptive Sketches of the Boroughs of Gateshead and Berwick-upon-Tweed, and All the Towns ... Wards, and Manors. To which is Subjoined a List of the Seats of the Nobility and Gentry, Whittaker and Company, 1855, p. 682
  2. ^ Esmond Wright: Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution, Taylor & Francis, 1966, p. 227.
  3. ↑ Whellan, William, & Co: History, Topography, and Directory of Northumberland: Comprising a General Survey of the County, and a History of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with Separate Historical, Statistical, and Descriptive Sketches of the Boroughs of Gateshead and Berwick-upon-Tweed, and All the Towns ... Wards, and Manors. To which is Subjoined a List of the Seats of the Nobility and Gentry, Whittaker and Company, 1855, p. 681
  4. ↑ Sir Horace St. Paul
personal data
SURNAME St. Paul, Horace
ALTERNATIVE NAMES St. Paul of Ewart Park, Horatius; St. Paul, Horace; Saint-Paul, Horace; Saint Paul, Horace; Paul, Horace St .; Paul, Horace Saint-
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian cavalry colonel and British diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH April 14, 1729
DATE OF DEATH April 16, 1812
Place of death Ewart