Hugo Lindheim

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Hugo Salli Lindheim (born July 8, 1892 in Rennertehausen ; deported on January 15, 1943 from the SS assembly camp in Mechelen to the Auschwitz extermination camp ) was the owner of the Lindheim furniture factory in Kahl am Main , which Karl Kübel owned in 1937 as part of the Aryanization of Jewish property was acquired. Together with his own company, Kübel formed the 3K Möbelwerke, which was known well into the post-war period . Hugo Lindheim and his family were initially able to emigrate to Belgium, but were deported to Auschwitz after its conquest by the German Wehrmacht. Exact dates of death are unknown.

family

Hugo Lindheim was born in Rennertehausen as the son of the businessman Siegfried Lindheim (born October 4, 1860 - † May 22, 1939 in Mechelen ) and his wife Ida (née Mosheim, born November 28, 1866 - † 1923). According to the birth certificate of July 12, 1892, he already had the middle name Salli from birth. The family also included two siblings, who were also born in Rennertehausen:

  • Berthold Lindheim (born April 26, 1895; † April 4, 1973 in Philadelphia )
    He began studying at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg in 1914/15 , took part in the First World War and continued his studies in Würzburg in 1919. Berthold, who received his doctorate in 1923 with a dissertation on new addition compounds of alpha-unsaturated acids , later lived as a chemist in Frankfurt am Main and was married there to Herta Fränkel from Würzburg from 1927. From this marriage the son Fred Horst Lindheim (born July 3, 1932 in Frankfurt) emerged, who was able to travel to Belgium with a Kindertransport at the end of 1938 and lived for some time with his uncle Hugo in Mechelen before traveling to Great Britain with his parents emigrated to the USA.
    Berthold Lindheim was brought to     Buchenwald concentration camp in 1938 after the night of the pogrom . After his release, he and his wife were able to flee to London in the spring of 1939 and from there, after his son Fred had also followed, to the USA, where he found a job as a chemist in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • Martha Lindheim (born March 15, 1900, married Loewenberg)
    Together with her father and husband Kurt Löwenberg (born May 13, 1892 in Aachen), she formed one of two Jewish families who had lived in Rennertehausen in 1933. During the November pogrom in 1938, Siegfried Lindheim was locked into the local prison by SA men, while Kurt Löwenberg escaped arrest by escaping. “Siegfried Lindheim was released again because of his old age [..]. In 1939 Siegfried Lindheim, Martha and Kurt Löwenberg were able to emigrate (initially to Belgium, where Siegfried Lindheim died; daughter and son-in-law were able to emigrate to Chile). "This representation, however, collides, at least as far as it concerns the person Siegfried Lindheim, with the information in his act of reparation. It says there that he emigrated to Mechelen on April 15, 1937.

Hugo Lindheim in Frankfurt

In comparison to the rest of his family, little is known about Hugo Lindheim, not even about his education. His job title is once Kfm. Für Kaufmann, then later in Belgium "Furniture manufacturer", and again and again the ascription "specialist-technieker" or "spécialiste technicien dans la fabrication de meubles" (skilled worker for furniture production) occurs.

The earliest reference to Hugo Lindheim is the advertisement of his engagement to Mathilde Bachenheimer (born February 14, 1892 in Röddenau - deported to Auschwitz on January 15, 1943 together with her husband and daughter) in the Frankenberger Zeitung of September 9, 1919. A A certificate of good conduct from the Frankfurt Police President dated January 5, 1938 certifies - in addition to his police safety - that he was based in Frankfurt from February 9, 1920 to December 30, 1937, and another that he married Mathilde on February 11, 1920 in Frankfurt have. On November 19, 1921, their only child, their daughter Lore, was born in Frankfurt. In 1924 the Lindheim family moved from Lersnerstrasse to Rhönstrasse 119 I, where they lived until December 4, 1929. Her last address in Frankfurt was Gagernstrasse 17 until December 30, 1937, from where she moved to Mechelen.

In the Frankfurt address book from 1922 there was an entry about him for the first time, which provided information about his professional activities: “Lindheim, Hugo, Kfm., Lersner-Str. 30 a f. Frankfurter Möbelfabrik Lindheim & Co. ”. Another entry refers to the business address: Frankfurter Möbelfabrik Lindheim & Co., Rhönstr. 30. ( Location ) It cannot be clarified whether this furniture factory was a new establishment or a takeover, but the Frankfurt address books provide some clues about the developments at the business location Rhönstrasse 30. The entry in the street directory of the address book from 1919 is : "E. Hollermann heirs. Hollermann, C., Carpenter ". A year later the entry reads:
“E. Hollermann, E., Ww. (Schwanthaler-Str. 57).
Hollermann, C.,
Lindheim & Co. joinery , furniture factory ”.
This means that a carpenter's workshop already existed at Lindheim's business address, and the address book entries for the following years remain the same for both businesses. This could indicate that there was a connection between this carpenter's workshop and Lindheim's furniture factory.

In 1924 the address book did not contain a street directory, and Hugo Lindheim appears privately in the name directory under his home address Lersnerstrasse as well as in the business directory with the entry "Frankfurter Möbelfabrik Lindheim & Co.", based in Rhönstrasse 30. Carl Hollermann continues to be in the name directory as a master carpenter (not carpentry) listed in Rhönstrasse and with an additional residential address, an entry in the business directory does not exist for him.

In 1925 there was only one entry for Carl Hollermann under his private address, where he was listed as a master carpenter, and in 1927 this job title gave way to that of a manager. A reference to his own company at Rhönstrasse 30 has not existed for him since 1925; only Lindheim's company is listed at this address. In 1927 there was the last entry in a Frankfurt address book for the "Frankfurter Möbelfabrik Lindheim & Co.", and the street directory from 1930 no longer lists any business facilities for Rhönstrasse 30, but only names the owner, widow Sophie Hollermann.

This sequence suggests that the Hollermann joinery has merged into the "Frankfurter Möbelfabrik Lindheim & Co." over the years and that Carl Hollermann acted as operations manager in this company. Lindheim's furniture factory was on October 15, 1927 from its domicile in Rhönstr. 30 to Kahl am Main in Lower Franconia been re-registered, where they continue as Frankfurt furniture factory Lindheim & Co. changed its name.

The Frankfurt furniture factory Lindheim & Co. in Kahl

The Frankfurt business premises were in a residential area on the edge of the zoo. The move to Kahl brought a significant increase in area, as can be seen from the reparation files. On the site on Hanauer Landstrasse, in today's industrial area between Hanauer and Freigerichter Strasse ( location ), Lindheim now had two plots of land with a total of a little more than 15,000 m², on which there is a "factory building with wash house and toilet facility, gas cellar, storage and courtyard ”and a large storage area.

There is no direct information about what was produced in Kahl. From the book about Karl Kübel, however, we learn that Hugo Lindheim had built both a technically modern plant in Kahl in 1937, ten years after moving from Frankfurt, and one that had large orders and 114 employees - just opposite 60 people employed by Kübel in Worms .

“Not particularly interested, Karl Kübel drove to the Main - he returned very enthusiastic in the evening. What motivated him to buy this work was not so much the solution to his capacity bottleneck or the considerable backlog of orders for this furniture factory - a customer from Holland had ordered 100 bedrooms a few days earlier - but it was the pioneering technology, mainly the gigantic steam engine with a large wheel that ran a wide drive belt for power transmission. [..] He stood in amazement in front of this system, which produced more electricity than was needed in the entire furniture factory: ›The fascination that emanated from this steam engine and from the technical progress in the factory in general was the decisive factor in the purchase. I just assumed that everything in this plant would then have to be right, 'he later recalled. "

Aryanization

It is not known when Hugo Lindheim saw no future for himself, his family and his company in Germany. In the file of reparation it only says: “Under the pressure of the Hitler government and its structures such as the NSDAP, the person entitled to sell business a. Real estate forced. After the sale, the owner had to emigrate to Belgium to look for a new existence. ”In the files of the Algemeneen Rijksarchief / Archives Génerales du Royaume, Brussels , the first contact with Belgium is documented by a visa application dated November 25, 1935. The one-month visa was supposed to serve “business trips, visits from customers and possible involvement of Belgian furniture representatives” in Brussels and Antwerp. It cannot be said whether this was actually connected with explorations for an emigration, but he must have been trying to build up a new existence since 1936 at the latest, because the files of the Belgian Reich Archives contain a letter from the company Devos Frères, Manufacture de Meubles , Malines ( Mechelen ), dated January 11, 1937, in which they advocate the immediate issue of a residence permit for Hugo Lindheim at the Ministry of Justice and announce an employment contract with him. According to this letter, Lindheim's activity should be related to the commissioning of a factory. As a result, Lindheim stayed several times on business in Malines and Brussels, as evidenced by visa applications and travel confirmations from the Würzburg Chamber of Commerce and Industry .

Hugo Lindheim's intentions to emigrate and sell did not go unnoticed in Germany, and so Karl Kübel learned "through one of his representatives that in Kahl am Main, between Hanau and Aschaffenburg, a Jewish manufacturer was trying to sell his company under the pressure of the National Socialists" . What this meant for this “Jewish factory owner” and what Kübel was aware of, is indicated in the Kübel book in an info box on “The Nuremberg Laws”: “From 1936 the legislation aimed at expropriation: after everyone was registered Jewish companies in June 1938, the last ones were closed or ›Aryanized‹, that is, expropriated. Those among the Jewish entrepreneurs who had sufficient foresight did not let it get as far as possible and tried to sell their property, even if they could no longer obtain a reasonable price. ”Kübel himself was much more direct on this in an interview. When asked whether the “purchase price was significantly below the usual price”, “because it was Jews”, his answer was: “Yes, [..] they had to look for buyers and that was until then [..] was not possible. "

In the reparation file, reference is made to the notarized sales contract dated August 14, 1937, the terms of which were stated as follows: “RM. 85000.- deduct. RM. 24,000 mortgage. Payment was made according to the purchase contract to the Deutsche Effekten- Wechselbank Frankfurt a. Main. ”In the application for reparation, the question of whether the purchase price was reasonable is answered in the negative. On December 1, 1937, Lindheim's Kahler Möbelwerk “became the property of the 28-year-old entrepreneur. [..] Kübel was so convinced of the importance of the Kahl plant for the future of his company that he moved the company headquarters and the approximately 15-person administration from Worms to Kahl. Now he could still little-known trademarks> NPP 'in the memorable triple K, in> KKK "(for Karl bucket Kahl), rename and let it develop a distinctive company logo." On the website Karl Kübel Foundation for Child and Family is Karl Kübel conjured up as a “socially committed entrepreneur and devout Christian”, as an example of “Christian entrepreneurship” and “deeply rooted in the ecumenical faith of Christianity”. He is described there as a man of action who, with a start-up capital of 5,000 Reichsmarks, created "within 40 years [..] one of the leading furniture companies in Europe - the '3K' group". Neither in the foundation's book nor on its homepage is a word of regret about Kübel's Aryanization of Hugo Lindheim's furniture factory, which made his rise possible.

Karl Kübel got a bargain with the acquisition of Hugo Lindheim's Kahler Werk, but he was never really happy with it. From the beginning he had to take note that at least part of the Kahler workforce openly sympathized with the Nazis in Lindheim's time and strutted through the plant in uniform. "They wanted to [..] exercise direct Zawang so that it came into Aryan hands as soon as possible." According to Kübel, this compulsion consisted in the workers working two hours less a day, but insisting on full wages being paid. And what was surprising for Kübel: This behavior of the workforce did not change after he took over the plant. "They carried on the style as if I had also been Jewish." Elsewhere he claims that it did not get any better during the war and he even justified the sale of the Kahler plant in 1962 - in addition to an attractive offer - with the unsatisfactory work ethic of the employees there.

Emigration and deportation

As shown above and confirmed by documents in Lindheim's immigration file in the Belgian State Archives, it can be assumed that Lindheim's move to Mechelen was a well-prepared step. Presumably he could fall back on business contacts. The furniture factory “Devos Frères” already mentioned played an important role in this context. Its management wrote a letter dated December 22, 1937 to the Director of Public Security (l'Administrateur de la Sûreté Publique) at the Belgian Ministry of Justice. In the letter urging Hugo Lindheim to be granted a residence permit, she points out its importance for her own company. It was not only highlighted Lindheim's “quality as a technical specialist in furniture production”, but also that his commitment to the company itself “will bring fresh capital and a foreign clientele that will enable us to increase our export sales in the future”. Whether Hugo Lindheim actually invested in the company "Devos Frères" with his own capital or whether that was just an additional argument to get the authorities to issue a positive decision can no longer be verified. In the Hessian State Archives in Wiesbaden there is a "Reich Flight Tax File" for Hugo Lindheim. The file contains a statement of assets signed by Lindheim dated March 10, 1938, which exclusively includes items from business transactions. The assets including outstanding receivables in the amount of RM 52,047.77 are offset by liabilities in the amount of RM 10,764.27, resulting in total assets of RM 41,283.27. At the time this declaration was made, Lindheim was already living in Malin. In a “Reich flight tax notice” from the Reich flight tax office at the Frankfurt tax office of May 24, 1938, total assets of RM 35,600 are assumed, from which a Reich flight tax of RM 8,900 is calculated. A note dated July 5, 1938 by the tax office states that the Reich flight tax has to be paid and that the foreign exchange office has to be informed accordingly ("clearance certificate").

However, the file does not contain any information as to whether the assets were still transferred to Hugo Lindheim. Rather, the opposite can be assumed, because on April 17, 1941, the Moabit-West tax office reported to the Frankfurt tax office and pointed out that the Jewish property tax of 9,750 RM had not yet been paid and therefore the previously mentioned clearance certificate had not been paid should have been granted. It must be revoked immediately, as a payment from the blocked account had already caused the Reich a loss of more than RM 1,000. In a note dated April 22, 1941, the Frankfurt tax office confirmed the Berlin legal opinion and at the same time confirmed the revocation of the clearance certificate. The last document in the file is a notification from the Frankfurt tax office dated November 25, 1948. In it, Hugo Lindheim's assets are stated as RM 35,600.00 in accordance with the above-mentioned property tax assessment of May 1938, the Reich flight tax paid as RM 8,900.00. Another “credit at Bayr. Mortgage and exchange bank in Alzenau ”. This last document in the file is stamped “Evaluated for the I SO”, which means the IRSO. This can be taken as an indication that Hugo Lindheim no longer came into possession of the bank balance he had left in Germany and that the IRSO had or wanted to assert restitution claims.

A certificate of good conduct issued by the Police President of Frankfurt am Main on January 5, 1938, confirms that Hugo Lindheim was “registered with the police in Frankfurt from February 9, 1920 to December 30, 1937 and that he was punished on the police lists is not recorded ”. The registration in Belgium, in the municipality of Ixelles , for Hugo and Mathilde Lindheim is documented in reports from foreigners ( Bulletin d'Étranger ) of January 12 and 14, 1938, respectively. The date of arrival is given as December 31, 1937, the question of whether they are political refugees is answered in the negative, but the question of the intention to stay longer than 6 months in Belgium is answered in the affirmative. At the time, Hugo Lindheim had a German passport, issued on February 21, 1936 in Frankfurt am Main, and a one-year visa issued by the Belgian consulate on April 14, 1937.

On January 15, 1938, a foreigner's certificate was issued to him in Ixelles . ("Étranger Certificat D'Inscription Au Registre Des Étrangers" / "Ausländerbescheinigung über die Entry in the Aliens Register") That Lindheim's stay in Belgium would not be without complications, shows a letter from the Belgian Ministry of Labor, also dated January 14, 1938, to the Ministry of Justice.

“I have received an application from DEVOS Frères, Mechelen, for permission to employ Mr. LINDHEIM, Hugo, [..] as a technical specialist.
The director of the company, Mr VAN HOEY, contacted our administration on our advice to explain the reasons that forced the person with a tourist visa to enter Belgium and the danger he would be exposed to if he returned to Germany would need to get a regular travel document.
I have decided not to decide on the permit application until you have informed me of your attitude towards Mr LINDHEIM's stay in Belgium. I would therefore be grateful if you could inform me as soon as possible. I think I should inform you that the Ministry of Economy supports the motion, the cooperation of the interested parties must have been of great interest to the furniture industry. The decision of my department will therefore certainly be positive. "

On January 18, 1938, Director van Hoey von Devos Frères also contacted the Ministry of Justice and, in view of the work permit promised in the letter cited above, also asked for approval of the residence permit for Hugo Lindheim and his family, and on January 22, 1938, this actually followed the work permit for Hugo Lindheim at Devos Frères , but limited until December 31, 1938. On March 28, 1938, registration in Mechelen takes place, and on April 19, 1938, Lindheim applies for a Belgian identity card to be issued (“Application om een ​​Identiteitskaart inside het Rijk ”). His daughter Lore had already done this the day before, and the application said she was studying at a boarding school in Morlanwelz. On February 14, 1938, the Belgian Ministry of Justice had requested police information in Germany via Lore, to which the Frankfurt Police Headquarters responded on May 26, 1938 announced: “We did not know anything about her that was disadvantageous, including moral and political issues; Stafen are not listed here. "

On January 20, 1939, Hugo Lindheim's work permit was extended for another year. In terms of passport, however, nothing is happening, only the recurring renewals of the foreigner's certificate follow . On April 22, 1940, Hugo Lindheim's name appears in a surveillance report by the Charleroi security authorities on Ernst-Ludwig Chambré, who lives in Morlanwelz and who fled Lich . Except that they were related to each other, Lindheim was not accused of anything. No further developments are documented in terms of the identity cards applied for.

On May 10, 1940, the German invasion of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg began . The direct impact this had on Hugo Lindheim and his family is not documented. On April 25, 1942, the police commissioner of the Stad Mechelen responsible for foreigner issues informed the Commissioner for Public Security in Brussels ("Aan den heer Administrateuer der Openbare Veiligheid te Brussel") that the former German citizens Hugo Lindheim and his wife Mathilde because of their Jewish descent would have lost their German citizenship and would have to be reported as stateless in the future. A separate letter with the same wording will be sent to Lore Lindheim.

On October 23, 1942, the Mechelen City Police Department again turned to its superior authority in Brussels. From this letter it emerges that Hugo and Mathilde Lindheim were obliged to do labor service at the beginning of August 1942 because of their Jewish descent. Their current location is unknown to the police station, the entries in the foreigner register are not being extended and the house of these people has already been rented to someone else. Nevertheless, we ask for clarification on what still needs to be done by the city of Mechelen. Again with the same letter, clarification in the matter of Lore Lindheim is requested. In a letter dated October 27, 1942, the authority contacted declared that it was no longer responsible for the matter and referred to the “Administration for Provincial and Municipal Affairs” in Brussels.

What had been euphemistically declared as an obligation to perform labor service in the correspondence quoted earlier was actually the delivery of the Lindheim family to the SS assembly camp in Mechelen, which had only been set up a few months earlier . With the XVIII. Transport were Hugo Lindheim, his wife Mathilde and their daughter Lore deported on 15 January 1943 by there to Auschwitz.

On June 26, 1945, the city of Mechelen issued a “notification about the departure of a foreigner” (“Report van vertrek van een vreemdeling”), from which it emerges that Hugo Lindheim and his wife Mathilde on November 1, 1944 “officially from the Register of foreigners deleted ”(“ van ambtswegen geschrapt uit het vreemdelingenregister ”). Reason: "were taken away by the Germans as Jews" ("are door de Duitschers away as jood"). Two days later, the same notification was made for Lore Lindheim. These are the last entries in the Lindheim immigration file.

Redress proceedings

After the end of the Second World War, a group of employees demanded the expropriation of the Kahler plant in favor of the union. Their reasoning: It was acquired illegally and too cheaply by the previous Jewish owner. When Kübel found out about this, the American occupation authorities were already involved. At the hearing there, he brought the bank director, who had participated in the purchase negotiations at the time, as a credible witness and the notarized purchase contract. After just under a quarter of an hour, the Americans were convinced that the Kahler plant was lawfully acquired.

A few years later, the question of legal ownership of Hugo Lindheim's former factory arose again. On October 14, 1948, the IRSO Nuremberg applied to the central registration office in Friedberg near Bad Nauheim from "Karl Kübel, furniture manufacturer, Worms am Rhein, Alzeyerstrass 60" for the reimbursement of the assets described below from "Lindheim, Hugo, Frankfurt / Main, Gagernstrasse 17, owner from Frankfurter Moebelfabrik, Lindheim & Co., Kahl am Main: Factory property and factory building, Kahl am Main, Hanauerlandstrasse 96, Plan No. 3036 a Factory building with wash house and toilet facility, petrol cellar, storage and courtyard space of 0.750 ha, Grdb Volume XXI, 1337; Plan no. 3096 b, 0.739 hectare storage space and business enterprise with machines, tools, manufacturing and office equipment of the company listed under no. 1. “This process was formally continued until March 1951, but was not pursued in the meantime, as the date was November 7, 1948 Hugo Lindheim's brother Berthold (Bert) Lindheim, who lived in New York, made his own claim for reimbursement against Karl Kübel for himself and Martha Löwenberg at the Central Registration Office in Bad Nauheim . They were represented by the Frankfurt am Main resident Joseph Christ, who acted as a foreign exchange advisor and helper in tax matters.

The reason for the assertion of the claims is stated in the application: “Under the pressure of the Hitler government and its structures such as the NSDAP, the person entitled to sell business etc. Real estate forced. After the sale, the owner had to emigrate to Belgium to look for a new life. During the occupation he and his family were killed by the Nazis. ”Karl Kübel is named as the person liable for the reimbursement, and the question whether the price he paid in 1937 was appropriate for the company is answered in the negative. The proceedings, however, come to an unusually quick end, the history of which the file says nothing. On October 28, 1949, the respective proxy presented to the notary Dr. Carl Hans Barz concluded a settlement in Frankfurt am Main, the core sentence of which is:

“Claims for reimbursement for the estate of the deceased Hugo Lindheim due to the sale of a property in Kahl a / Main, entered in the Alzenau land register for Kahl Volume 21 Sheet 1337 S.286, have been registered with the Central Registration Office in Bad Nauheim on November 7, 1948. To settle all claims to which the estate is entitled from this reimbursement, in particular to compensate for any claim due to the estate based on the Reparation Act, the Karl Kübel company pays the heirs an amount of 40,000 DM (in words: forty thousand German marks) . The payment is made with discharging effect to the authorized representative of the heirs to a bank still to be specified by him in the western zones. "

To secure the claims, a security mortgage should be registered on the Kahl property in favor of Berthold Lindheim, and on the same day Joseph Christ asks the reparation authority in Würzburg for approval of the negotiated settlement and, in addition, "the about the plant in Kahl ( M) Immediately lift the property freeze because this is necessary in the interests of the factory's progress ”. On November 2, 1949, Christ then declared to the authorities "the withdrawal of the application for reimbursement of November 7, 1949", which had unexpected consequences. In response to multiple inquiries, the reparation authority said on January 12, 1950: “After you declared the withdrawal of the claim for your clients in a letter dated November 2, 1949, the proceedings for the reparation authority are over. At the time, you rejected the joint settlement of the settlement on the record of the reparation authority and instead declared your withdrawal. The redress authority cannot therefore approve the settlement. The fact that the settlement concerns a matter of reimbursement is obvious from the correspondence with the reparation authority. ”In other words: the settlement between the heirs of Hugo Lindheim and Karl Kübel came about exclusively in bilateral negotiations and without official involvement. For the heirs, this agreement was probably obvious because it saved them a potentially protracted legal dispute, and Karl Kübel was able to keep what he had acquired in the course of an Aryanization with a reasonable amount of effort.

Against forgetting

In memory of Hugo Lindheim, his wife Mathilde and their daughter Lore, the Stolpersteine ​​Frankfurt initiative relocated three Stolpersteine ​​in front of Gagernstrasse 17 in Frankfurt's Ostend on June 20, 2020. ( Location )

  • Introduction by Hartmut Schmidt from the Stolperstein Initiative Frankfurt

  • Speech by Bernd Wältz before the unveiling of the three stumbling blocks

  • The three stumbling blocks after the unveiling

  • The three stumbling blocks for Hugo, Mathilde and Lore Lindheim

swell

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of the Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933-1945
  2. ↑ Registry office Rennertehausen: Birth secondary register 1892
  3. ↑ Dissertation Berthold Lindheim in the catalog of the University Library Würzburg
  4. ↑ JEWISH LIFE IN LOWER Franconia & USHMM: Lindheim family papers
  5. ^ History of the Jewish community in Battenfeld (Allendorf community) with Allendorf (Eder) and Rennertehausen . In his memoirs, Fred Lindheim also writes that Siegfried Lindheim was able to emigrate to Belgium in 1939: Memoirs by Fred Lindheim (undated) , p. 5.
  6. ↑ Hessian Main State Archives: Siegfried Lindheim Compensation File, HHStAW Dept. 518 No. 16093
  7. ↑ Printed by Horst Hecker: Jüdisches Leben in Frankenberg , p. 216 (pdf p. 219)
  8. ^ A b Algemeneen Rijksarchief / Archives générales du Royaume, Brussels: files A180.814 & A284.087
  9. ↑ Hausstandsbuchs Nr. 683: Registration documents for Gagernstrasse 17
  10. ↑ Trade tax card for furniture factory Lindheim
  11. ^ Certificate from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry for Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg dated April 9, 1937; Algemeneen Rijksarchief / Archives Génerales du Royaume, Brussels: files A180.814 & A284.087
  12. ↑ WB IV JR 1407 - Refund procedure of the IRSO
  13. ↑ a b c d Karl Kübel Foundation for Children and Family: What can I serve? The entrepreneur and founder Karl Kübel , pp. 57–59
  14. ↑ a b c d e f State Archives Würzburg: WB IV A 2830 - reparation files Hugo Lindheim & Möbelfabrik
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Algemeneen Rijksarchief / Archives Génerales du Royaume, Brussels: Hugo Lindheim immigration file; Files A180.814 & A284.087
  16. ↑ Benno Höhne: Interviews with Karl Kübel, cassette 18 of July 25, 1997, pp. 8–9
  17. ^ Karl Kübel Foundation for Children and Family: Karl Kübel
  18. ↑ Benno Höhne: Interviews with Karl Kübel, cassette 18 of July 25, 1997, pp. 8–9
  19. ^ A b Benno Höhne: Interviews with Karl Kübel, cassette 8 of July 14, 1997, pp. 14-21
  20. ↑ Benno Höhne: Interviews with Karl Kübel, cassette 31 of August 15, 1997, pp. 20–21
  21. ↑ Karl Kübel Foundation for Children and Family: What can I serve? The entrepreneur and founder Karl Kübel , p. 106
  22. ↑ . Hessian State Archives: HHStAW Abt 677 No. 148 - Reich Flight Tax Act Hugo Lindheim.
  23. ↑ a b application for a Identiteitskaart within het Rijk of April 19, 1938, Algemeneen Rijksarchief / Archives Génerales du Royaume, Brussels: Immigration file Hugo Lindheim; Files A180.814 & A284.087
  24. ^ Algemeneen Rijksarchief / Archives Génerales du Royaume, Brussels: Immigration file Hugo Lindheim; Files A180.814 & A284.087. Je suis saisi par la firme DEVOS Frères, à Malines, d'une demande d'autorisation d'occuper M. LINDHEIM, Hugo, [..] en qualité de technicien spécialiste.
    "Le directeur de la firme, M. VAN HOEY, sur nos conseils s'est mis en rapport avec notre Administration pour lui exposer les motifs qui ont contraint l'intéressé à pénétrer en Belgique sous le couvert d'un visa de tourisme, et le danger qu'il courrait s'il devait rentrer en Allemagne pour y obtenir un titre de voyage régulier.
    J'ai décidé de ne pas statuer sur la demande d'autorisation aussi longtemps que vous ne m'aurez pas informé de l'attitude que vous avez adoptée en ce qui concerne le séjour de M. LINDHEIM en Belgique. Je vous saurais donc gré de m'en aviser aussitôt qu'il vous sera possible. Je crois devoir vous signaler que le Département des Affaires Economiques appuie la demande, la collaboration de l'intéressé devait présenter un très grand intérêt pour l'industrie du meuble. La décision de mon Département sera donc certain favorable. "
  25. ↑ On Ernst-Ludwig Chambré and the foundation named after him see: Ernst-Ludwig-Chambré-Stiftung zu Lich
  26. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933-1945: Hugo, Mathilde and Lore Lindheim . A digitized version of the transport list of the 18th transport can be viewed on the website of the Kazerne Dossin image database . This database can also be used to call up photos of the members of the Lindheim family, but for Mathilde Lindheim only using the search term 'Bachenheimer'.
  27. ↑ Karl Kübel Foundation for Children and Family: What can I serve? The entrepreneur and founder Karl Kübel , p. 69. The illustration suggests that this dispute must have taken place at the end of 1945 / beginning of 1946.
  28. ↑ On the history and function of this authority: ARK-Bund-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe “Wiedergutmachung”: Overview of the tradition and legal basis for the reparation of National Socialist injustices in the Federal Republic of Germany in the state archives , p. 79
  29. ^ State Archives Würzburg: WB IV JR 1407 - Refund procedure of the IRSO for Hugo Lindheim & Möbelfabrik
  30. ^ Homepage of the Stolpersteine ​​Frankfurt initiative
personal data
SURNAME Lindheim, Hugo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lindheim, Hugo Salli (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Jewish furniture manufacturer, victim of the Shoah
DATE OF BIRTH July 8, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Rennertehausen
DATE OF DEATH after January 15, 1943
Place of death Auschwitz