Iatromathematics and Iatroastrology

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The Iatromathematics (from the Greek ίατρος Iatros, "healer, doctor"; and μάθημα mathematical, "Science, Mathematics") or Iatroastrologie , also known as Astro medicine called, was a medical concept, based on astrology and related mathematical (or computistical ) Calculations that describes the position of man in the cosmos.

The patient's chance of survival is calculated from the numerical values ​​of the patient's name (Arabic Sirr al-Asrar سر الأسرار , Latin Secretum secretorum )

Basic idea

Iatromathematics assumed an external influence of the celestial bodies on the fate and character of the human being as well as on the human body and its state of health, to which the inner shaping of the human being through its mixture of juices, which is also influenced by the celestial bodies, as it is in the ancient-medieval humoral pathology (juice theory ) is described. The astrological constellations were seen as essential for the development of diseases, but also influencing therapy, such as bloodletting . In Iatromathematics or Iatroastrology, which is based on the connection between planets or zodiac signs and the human organism (as the equivalent of micro- and macrocosm ), astronomy, astrology and the humoral pathological doctrine of the four humors (based on the ancient four-element Teaching ) to astromedicine .

history

Iatromathematics was of great importance from antiquity through medieval medicine to the 17th century; its heyday was in the 16th century.

The late medieval literary genre "Iatromathematisches Hausbuch" (published in 1469 as a magnificently illustrated codex on behalf of the Nuremberg patrician Erasmus Schürstab ) is a compilation of texts that was first compiled as an astromedical compendium (handbook) around 1400 from a wide variety of healing and prognostic writings connect man to the universe and relate medical diagnoses and therapies to astronomical events. For example, the best times for bloodletting and other health-promoting measures were determined using astrological calculations. Contents of such text collections later appear in the so-called house fathers literature (the tradition of the Regimen sanitatis literature is regarded as the forerunner of the widespread medical-iatromathematical house books ).

Agrippa von Nettesheim was an important representative of iatromathematical and astronomical teachings . One of the first iatromathematists of the 16th century was the doctor and clergyman Jakob Schönheitz from Randersacker , who also stayed in Frankfurt am Main around 1500 and had his Apologia astrologiae , directed against Giovanni Pico della Mirandola , published in Nuremberg in 1502 . Another early modern representation of Iatromathematics was the lecture by Georg Tannstetter, printed in 1531, entitled Artificium de applicatione Astrologiae ad Medicinam (German: Artful work on the application of astrology to medicine).

literature

  • Karl Sudhoff : Iatromathematiker mainly in the 15th and 16th centuries (= treatises on the history of medicine. Volume 11). Wroclaw 1902.
  • Wolf-Dieter Müller-Jahncke : The high point of Iatromathematics. In: Reports on the history of science . 4, 1981, pp. 41-50.
  • Gundolf Keil (Ed.): From the influence of the stars on the health and character of the human being. The 'Iatromathematische Hausbuch' presented on the Nuremberg Codex Schürstab, facsimile and commentary on the facsimile edition of manuscript C 54 of the Zurich Central Library. Edited by Gundolf Keil with the collaboration of Friedrich Lenhardt, Christoph Weißer and Huldrych M. Koelbing , 2 volumes, Facsimile-Verlag, Lucerne 1981–1983, ISBN 3-85672-013-8 .
  • Gundolf Keil: The householder as a doctor. In: Trude Ehlert (Ed.): Household and Family in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times (Lectures at an interdisciplinary symposium from June 6th to 9th, 1990 at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn ). With a register by Ralf Nelles, Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1991, ISBN 379954156X , pp. 219–243; here: p. 227 f.
  • André Parent: The 'Iatromathematische Hausbuch' in Heinrich Stegmüller's Buchauer editorial team from 1443. Notes on text reproduction, commentary and dictionary. In: Würzburger medical historical reports 7, 1989, pp. 167–177.
  • Alfred Schmid , Erich Hintzsche : Conrad Türsts iatromathematisches health booklet for the Bernese mayor Rudolf von Erlach. Bern 1947 (= Bern contributions to the history of medicine and the natural sciences. Volume 7).
  • Christoph Weißer: Iatromathematics. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. Edited by Werner E. Gerabek and others, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3110157144 , pp. 652–655.
  • Lorenz Welker : The 'Iatromathematical Corpus'. Investigations on an Alemannic astrological-medical compendium of the late Middle Ages with text edition and an appendix: Michael Puffs von Schrick's treatise “From the burned out waters” in the handwritten version of the Codex Zurich, Central Library, C 102 b. (Medical dissertation) Zurich 1988 (= Zurich medical historical treatises, new series. Volume 196).

Remarks

  1. ↑ Christoph Weißer: Iatromathematik. 2005, p. 652.
  2. ^ Friedrich Lenhardt, Gundolf Keil: Iatromathematisches Hausbuch. In: Author's Lexicon . , 2nd ed., Volume 4, Col. 347-351.
  3. ^ Bernhard Schnell : A Würzburg fragment of the ›Iatromathematische Hausbuch‹. A contribution to its tradition. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Vol. 5, 1987, pp. 123-141.
  4. ↑ Christoph Weißer: 'Codex Schürstab'. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 769 f.
  5. ↑ Christoph Weißer: Iatromathematisches Hausbuch. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. 2005, p. 655 f.
  6. ^ André Parent (1989), p. 171 f.
  7. ↑ Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. (Mathematical and natural scientific dissertation Würzburg 1994) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1998 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 65). ISBN 3-8260-1667-X , p. 211.
  8. ↑ See also Volker Zimmermann: Reception and role of medicine in local handwritten compendia of the late Middle Ages. The medical contribution to the emergence and tradition of the medieval house book at the transition to the Renaissance and humanism. Medical habilitation thesis Würzburg 1982.
  9. ^ Francis B. Brévart: Schönheintz, Jakob (also Randersack [er], Ranisacker). In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 8, Col. 825 f.
  10. ↑ According to Sudhoff: Iatromathematiker, 1902, pp. 45–47, this “Artificium” seems to have been the first printed book in Germany that specifically describes Iatromathematics or astrology.
  11. ↑ Ed., Translated and commented by Rosemarie Eichinger. LIT Verlag, Münster 2006.