Idaea deversaria

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Idaea deversaria
Idaea deversaria.jpg

Idaea deversaria

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Sterrhinae
Tribe : Sterrhini
Genre : Idaea | Idaea (genus) | Idaea
Type : Idaea deversaria
Scientific name
Idaea deversaria
( Herrich-Schäffer , 1847)

Idaea deversaria is a butterfly ( moth ) fromthe Spanner family (Geometridae). The species is widespread in Central and Southern Europe.

features

The moths have a wingspan of 22 to 28 millimeters. The basic color of the wings is straw-colored, often with an orange or yellow hue. The transverse lines are brown and usually stand out clearly from the basic color. The wavy outer transverse line is very clear, while the inner transverse line is often much weaker. The central band is usually relatively wide. The outer transverse line is often much weaker on the hind wings than on the forewings; here the central band is often the most clearly developed drawing element. The discal spots are on the forewings mostly in the middle band or at the root of it. On the hind wings they are almost always terminal to the middle band. The fringing area with the wavy line is often a little darker than the basic color. Many specimens also have spots on the fringes.

The caterpillars are rather slender with transverse constrictions. They are colored red-brown to gray-yellow with a dark bordered back line. There is often a dark diamond pattern on the middle segments, but it can also be missing.

The pupa is yellow-brown, slightly darker at the rear end. The Kremaster has six curved bristles.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is widespread in Europe, the focus is in southern and southeastern Europe. The distribution area extends from France in the west to the Urals in the east; in the north to southern Fennoscandia . But it is missing in the British Isles, the Netherlands and Denmark (with the exception of Bornholm ). In the south, the species occurs in Morocco, on the Iberian Peninsula, many Mediterranean islands, Italy, the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor. From there, the occurrence extends over the Caucasus region, northern Iran to Central Asia. The species loves warmth and is limited to exposed, warm areas on southern slopes north of the Alps . In the Mediterranean region it is very common in the maquis in sun-exposed areas in mixed forests. North of the Alps, the species is usually restricted to the hill zone up to 500 meters above sea level. It rises in the Northern Alps to around 1,300 meters, in the Southern Alps and in the Mediterranean area to 1,800 meters. In Morocco and on the Iberian Peninsula, it is rarely found below 200 meters, usually only from around 1000 meters to 2700 meters. Along the Mediterranean coast of France, on the Iberian Peninsula and in Morocco, the species is represented by the subspecies Idaea deversaria fallax .

Phenology and way of life

The moths fly in the northern part of the distribution area in one generation from mid-June to the end of July, in the southern parts of the distribution area also from the end of May. A partial second generation is formed very rarely north of the Alps, more frequently in the Mediterranean region, which then flies from the end of August to the end of October. The moths are nocturnal. They fly to artificial light sources and can be baited.

The caterpillars only eat dried or withered plant material. They are polyphagous and have been observed under the following plants or on their foliage: rock stonecrop ( Sedum reflexum ), blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ), oak ( Quercus ), poplar ( Populus ), linden ( Tilia ), loosestrife ( Lysimachia ), grouse ( Ononis ) and dock ( Rumex ). In breeding, the caterpillars also take leaves of dandelions ( Taraxacum officinale ) and plantains ( Plantago ) as well as leaves of various shrubs and trees. In winter, caterpillars have also been observed on the Hylocomium moss . The caterpillars overwinter and pupate in spring.

Systematics

The species was first described in 1847 by Gottlieb August Herrich-Schäffer as Acidalia deversaria . Axel Hausmann lists nine synonyms for this species. The species is currently divided into two subspecies: I. deversaria deversaria and I. deversaria fallax Hausmann, 2003. fallax is usually a little smaller (up to 20 millimeters) and a bit darker in its basic color.

Danger

The species is classified in category 2 in Bavaria, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and North Rhine-Westphalia, i.e. i.e. it is endangered there. In Saxony and Rhineland-Palatinate, it is in category 3 (endangered). In Lower Saxony the species is acutely threatened with extinction, but has always been rare.

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literature

  • Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. In A. Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 87-88757-37-4
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
  • Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-800-13497-7

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Red lists at science4you

Web links