Idris I. al-Ma'mun

Abu l-Ula Idris I. al-Ma'mun ( Arabic أبو العلا إدريس المأمون, DMG Abū l-ʿUlā Idrīs al-Maʾmūn ; † 1232 ) was the eighth caliph of the Almohads and ruled over the Maghreb and al-Andalus from 1227 to 1232 .

Idris I was a grandson of Abu Yaqub Yusuf I. He came to power in 1227 on the Iberian Peninsula through an uprising against the rule of his brother Abdallah al-Adil (1224-1227). This too had gained power through an uprising in 1224. With 12,000 Castilian mercenaries , Idris also landed in Morocco to overthrow his nephew, al-Adil's son Yahya.

Because of his strong roots in the culture of al-Andalus, Idris I. al-Ma'mun had little understanding of the Almohad institutions that had previously ensured the relative stability of the empire. Under him, the council of 10 tribal leaders and 40 tribal delegates were abolished, and Mahdi Ibn Tumart was not mentioned in the administrative files and coins were dispensed with. In 1228 he swore from the Almohadic doctrine and cursed the Mahdi. Even if Idris I withdrew these measures in 1230, the loyalty of the subjects to the dynasty was severely shaken.

In 1229 the Hafsids in Ifrīqiya (today's Tunisia ) fell away , who continued to adhere to the Almohadic doctrine. After Idris' seizure of power in al-Andalus, the rebellion of Ibn Hud broke out, which ultimately led to the collapse of Almohad rule. With the advance of the Moroccan Merinids since 1230, the Almohads were also threatened in their heartland Morocco.

A few years after Idris' death, the Almohads had lost control of the south of the Iberian Peninsula to the aforementioned Ibn Hud, those of Ifriqiya to the Hafsids and today's Algerian territory to the Abdalwadids . Successor of Idris I al-Ma'mun was Abd al-Wahid II. Ar-Rashid (1232-1242).

literature

• Ulrich Haarmann (founder), Heinz Halm (ed.): History of the Arab world. Beck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-47486-1 .
• Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. Artemis, Munich 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .