Ignacio López Rayón
Ignacio López Rayón (born July 31, 1773 in Tlalpujahua , † February 2, 1832 in Mexico City ) was secretary to the Mexican priest and independence fighter Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and later himself one of the leading figures in the Mexican War of Independence .
Life
Private life
Ignacio López Rayón was the son of Andrés Mariano López-Rayón Piña (1742-1805) and his wife María Josefa Rafaela López-Aguado y López-Bolaños (1754-1822), who lived in Mexico as the mother of five sons, all of whom were part of the independence movement attached, also enjoys a high reputation. He studied at the Colegio de San Nicolás in Valladolid (today Morelia ), from which the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo would later emerge; then he moved to the Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City. In 1796 he completed his training and became a lawyer. In August 1810 he married María Ana Martínez de Rulfo .
Public activity
At the beginning of the 19th century, the disputes and struggles for the independence of the country began, which in central Mexico went hand in hand with attacks by the rebels ( Insurgentes ) on the large landowners and their haciendas - supposedly mostly collaborating with motherland Spain or even residing there . López Rayón was against such actions as they weakened the country's economic strength; instead, he joined Miguel Hidalgo as his private secretary and employee - he received the title of Secretario de Estado y del Despacho , which gave him a great deal of power.
After the battle at the Puente de Calderón, lost for the insurgents, in January 1811, he fled to Aguascalientes and further north to Zacatecas and Saltillo . While the leaders of the uprising tried in vain to make their way to the USA and were executed in Chihuahua in the summer of 1811 , López Rayón remained at the head of the approximately 3,500 soldiers, which earned him the title of 'general'. On his way back to central Mexico he fought several battles, most of which he won with luck and the better motivation of his troops.
He turned to José María Morelos y Pavon with the request to unite the insurgents under a common leadership. In August 1811, the Junta de Zitácuaro was constituted, which subsequently published a newspaper ( El Ilustrador Nacional ) under its editor-in-chief Andrés Quintana Roo . In 1812 Zitácuaro was attacked by the Spanish, but was able to hold his own; after the departure of the Spaniards, the insurgent army also left the city.
Together with José María Morelos, Ignacio López Rayón was a founding member of the Congress of Chilpancingo (also known as the Congress of Anáhuac ), which met on September 13, 1813 and during which Mexico's independence from Spain was declared. He was captured in 1817 and imprisoned for three years. He witnessed the independence of Mexico, which was sealed on August 24, 1821; thereafter he held the lucrative office of treasurer of San Luis Potosí until his death in 1832 .
Honors
His hometown of Tlalpujahua , Michoacán , took his name into the official city name in 1859.
literature
- Carlos Herrejón Peredo: La Independencia según Ignacio Rayón. Cien de México. Biblioteca Digital Bicentenario, México 1985, ISBN 968-29-0533-8 .
- Luis Villoro: La revolución de independencia . Historia General de México, México 2006, ISBN 968-12-0969-9 .
Web links
- Ignacio López Rayón - Short biography (Spanish)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | López Rayón, Ignacio |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mexican independence fighter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 31, 1773 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tlalpujahua |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 2, 1832 |
| Place of death | Mexico city |