Zacatecas (city)
| Zacatecas | ||
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Coordinates: 22 ° 46 ′ N , 102 ° 33 ′ W Zacatecas on the map of Zacatecas
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| Basic data | ||
| Country | Mexico | |
| State | Zacatecas | |
| Municipio | Zacatecas | |
| Residents | 129,011 (2010) | |
| - in the metropolitan area | 309,660 | |
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| Detailed data | ||
| height | 2440 m | |
| Post Code | 98000 | |
| Time zone | UTC −6 | |
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Zacatecas is the capital of the state of the same name in central Mexico and has almost 130,000 inhabitants (as of 2010). It is the most famous and richest of the Mexican silver cities and, like Potosí in Bolivia or Cerro de Pasco in Peru , once contributed a good part to the Spanish wealth of the early modern period.
The city of Zacatecas is also the administrative seat of the Municipio Zacatecas and the core of the Zona Metropolitana de Zacatecas with more than 300,000 inhabitants.
history
The story of Zacatecas began in 1546 when the Spanish conquistador Juan de Tolosa discovered rich silver deposits in the area of what is now the city. The wealth of silver led to a rapid prosperity of the city, which was founded shortly afterwards, and in the second half of the 18th century Zacatecas was one of the largest cities in New Spain with more than 20,000 inhabitants .
During the Mexican War of Independence , the city initially fell to the rebels, but was reoccupied by the royalists in February 1811 . As a result of the warlike events, silver mining was initially stagnated for years. In 1835 the city's population opposed the Mexican government. Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876) defeated the city's militia in May 1835 and then allowed his victorious army to pillage Zacatecas for two days. In the decades that followed, the city was again and again the bone of contention in the civil wars between liberals and conservatives .
The construction of the railroad in the 1880s made Zacatecas an important rail hub through which all trains going to the north and south of Mexico had to pass. During the Mexican Revolution , the city was therefore the last bulwark of the 1914 already badly battered regime of Victoriano Huerta (1850-1916), who had concentrated his troops here to relocate the revolutionaries to Mexico City . When the revolutionaries under Pancho Villa (1878–1923) won the battle for Zacatecas on June 23, 1914 , not only had the revolution's biggest battle to date been fought, but also the fall of the Huerta regime was sealed.
In 1993 the historical core of the city became a World Heritage Site of UNESCO appointed.
Sightseeing and tourism
The city is known for its colonial architecture . The Cathedral of Zacatecas was built in a lush late Baroque style, as Churriguera style is known and was at the end of the 18th century in Mexico very popular. A popular lookout point is the Cerro de la Bufa , to which a cable car leads and from which you can enjoy the panorama of the city. The former mines can also be visited.
Zacatecas lives mainly from tourism, with most of the tourists coming from inland. Compared to other Mexican tourist strongholds, relatively few foreigners come to the city.
Sons and daughters
- Genaro Codina (1852–1901), composer
- Ernesto Elorduy (1855–1913), composer and pianist
- Francisco Goitia (1882–1960), painter
- Pedro Coronel Arroyo (1923–1985), artist
- Rafael Coronel Arroyo (1931–2019), artist
- José Trinidad Zapata Ortiz (* 1959), Catholic bishop
- Nancy Contreras (* 1978), track cyclist
- Sergio Santana (* 1979), football player
Town twinning
Climate table
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Zacatecas
Source: wetterkontor.de
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Web links
- Entry on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México: Zacatecas (Spanish)
Individual evidence
Heritage: Historic Center of Mexico City and Xochimilco (1987) | Pre-Columbian City and National Park of Palenque (1987) | Pre-Columbian city of Teotihuacán (1987) | Old town of Oaxaca and ruins of Monte Albán (1987) | Historic Center of Puebla (1987) | Guanajuato Historic Center and Mines (1988) | Pre-Columbian city of Chichén Itzá (1988) | Old Town of Morelia (1991) | Pre-Columbian city of El Tajín (1992) | Old town of Zacatecas (1993) | Rock carvings in the Sierra de San Francisco (1993) | Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl (1994) | Pre-Columbian city of Uxmal (1996) | Querétaro monument ensemble (1996) | Cabañas Hospice in Guadalajara (1997) | Monument area of Tlacotalpan (1998) | Archaeological sites of Paquimé in Casas Grandes (1998) | Xochicalco Archaeological Site (1999) | Historic city and fortress of Campeche (1999) | Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda (2003) | Luís Barragán's house and studio (2004) | Agave landscape and historical tequila production sites (2006) | University campus of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (2007) | Fortified town of San Miguel de Allende and the pilgrimage church of Jesús de Nazareno in Atotonilco (2008) | Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (2010) | Prehistoric caves of Yagul and Mitla in the Oaxaca Valley (2010) | Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque (2015)
Natural heritage: Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve (1987) | El Vizcaíno lagoon - whale shelter (1993) | Islands and Protected Areas in the Gulf of California (2005) | Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve (2008) | El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve (2013) | Revillagigedo Archipelago (2016)
Cultural / natural heritage: Mayan city of Calakmul and tropical rainforests in Campeche (2002)