Cerro de Pasco
| Cerro de Pasco | ||
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Coordinates: 10 ° 41 ′ S , 76 ° 16 ′ W Cerro de Pasco on the map of Peru
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| Basic data | ||
| Country | Peru | |
| region | Pasco | |
| province | Pasco | |
| City foundation | 1578 | |
| Residents | 25,600 (2017 census) | |
| - in the metropolitan area | 58,900 | |
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| Detailed data | ||
| height | 4330 m | |
| City Presidency | Marco Antonio De la Cruz Bustillos (2019-2022) |
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Cerro de Pasco (founded as Villa de Pasco ) is a city in central Peru . It is the capital of the Pasco Administrative Region and the Pasco Province . In the 2017 census, the population was 25,600, 10 years earlier it was 27,840.
Location
Cerro de Pasco is located on a plateau in the Andes and is one of the highest cities on earth. It is enclosed in a plain in the central Andes on Mount Ulianchin and at the foot of the Patarcocha lagoon in the geographic region of the Tierra helada (frosty land), where only Ichu grass grows and where the vicuñas , related to the llamas, live.
Mining
Cerro de Pasco is considered the center of mining in the central Andes of Peru. The Raul Rojas opencast mine is located in the center of Cerro de Pasco and the Paragsha underground mine to the west of the city . Mainly lead and zinc have been mined there since the 1960s, and before that copper too. The operator of the mines in Cerro de Pasco is the Canadian mining company Cerro de Pasco Resources (until 2019 the operating facilities belonged to the Peruvian mining company Volcan Compañía Minera ). In 2018, Volcan mined 11,000 t of zinc, 4,000 t of lead and - as a by-product - 12 t of silver in Cerro de Pasco (information in each case as toneladas métricas finas = tons of recoverable production ).
A large part of the population is employed in mining (silver, lead, gold, copper and zinc). The play El Cóndor pasa focuses on the social conflicts in mining in Cerro de Pasco at the beginning of the 20th century .
population
The city of Cerro de Pasco is divided into three districts. The population of Cerro de Pasco is their urban part of the population. They are Chaupimarca (25,627 inhabitants), Yanacancha (29,192 inhabitants) and Simón Bolívar (12,663 inhabitants). The city therefore has around 67,000 inhabitants (2017 census).
history
The city was founded in 1578 as a mining settlement. In the 17th century, silver was discovered in Cerro de Pasco. During the years 1639 to 1740, Cerro de Pasco achieved fame for its mineral wealth and could be compared with the previous silver capital Potosí in terms of yield . The Spanish miner José Maíz y Arias had an enormous tunnel built in Yanacancha and found large amounts of silver. During the reign of Viceroy Luis Fernández y Cabrera in 1639, he sent five million ducats from Cerro de Pasco to Spain . The population rose sharply and the interest of the Spanish crown was reflected in the award of titles.
On December 7, 1820, General Francisco Álvarez de Arenales proclaimed the independence of Pasco and appointed Ramón de Arias mayor.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Cerro de Pasco was considered the second largest city in Peru. In the 1920s, 80% of all Peruvian mining of precious metals and ores came from the mines in and around Cerro de Pasco. The largest mine operator in the first half of the 20th century was the Cerro de Pasco Corporation . During the "Oncenio" (Spanish: "Eleven year period"), d. H. During the second, eleven-year presidency of Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo from 1919 to 1930, the Cerro de Pasco Corporation was the most important foreign company in all of Peru.
traffic
The city is about seven hours by car from the capital, Lima . The path leads over La Oroya and along the nature reserve of Lake Junín . Likewise, one of the world's highest railway lines leads to Cerro de Pasco. However, it is not used for passenger traffic, but for transporting the mined ores to La Oroya or the coast to Lima. Alternative, well-developed routes for freight transport (road and rail) sometimes do not exist. Work is underway on the expansion of the connection from Lima via Canta to Huayllay and Cerro de Pasco (expansion advanced to Yantac). It would relieve the Carretera Central.
climate
The climate in Cerro de Pasco is mainly determined by the altitude. The year is divided into two seasons, a rainy period from September to May and a dry period from June to August. The annual average temperature is 4.2 ° C.
See also
literature
- Horst Badura: Cerro de Pasco and La Oroya, the centers of Peruvian ore mining. In: Geographical Rundschau. 18, 9, 1966, ISSN 0016-7460 , pp. 354-357.
Individual evidence
- ^ Peru: Pasco Region - Provinces & Places . www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- ↑ Cerro de Pasco , accessed November 19, 2019.
- ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI): Directorio Nacional de Centros Poblados - Censos Nacionales 2017 . Lima 2018, vol. 4, p. 1463 ( online ).
- ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI): Directorio Nacional de Centros Poblados - Censos Nacionales 2017 . Lima 2018, vol. 4, p. 1483 ( online ).
- ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI): Directorio Nacional de Centros Poblados - Censos Nacionales 2017 . Lima 2018, Vol. 4, p. 1476 ( online ).
- ^ Thomas F. O'Brien: The Revolutionary Mission. American Enterprise in Latin America, 1900-1945 (= Cambridge Latin American Studies , Vol. 81). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996, ISBN 0-521-55015-7 , p. 114.
- ^ Thomas F. O'Brien: The Revolutionary Mission. American Enterprise in Latin America, 1900-1945 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996, pp. 115-116.
- ^ Thomas F. O'Brien: The Revolutionary Mission. American Enterprise in Latin America, 1900-1945 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996, p. 121.
- ↑ https://www.regionlima.gob.pe/index.php/noticias/289-reiniciaran-en-octubre-mejoramiento-de-la-carretera-lima-canta-huayllay www.regionlima.gob.pe accessed on 20 April 2020
