Holly Buckthorn

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Holly Buckthorn
Holly buckthorn (Rhamnus alaternus), blooming

Holly buckthorn ( Rhamnus alaternus ), blooming

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Buckthorn Family (Rhamnaceae)
Genre : Buckthorn ( rhamnus )
Type : Holly Buckthorn
Scientific name
Rhamnus alaternus
L.

The Holly buckthorn ( Rhamnus alaternus ), and Evergreen buckthorn called, is a plant from the family of the cross thorn plants (Rhamnaceae).

Holly buckthorn ( Rhamnus alaternus )

description

The holly buckthorn is a dioecious shrub up to 5 meters high, very diverse in its habitus , with no thorns . The leaves are alternate. The leaf stalks are 1 to 8 millimeters, the leathery leaves 2 to 6 (rarely from 1) centimeters long, lanceolate to ovate, tapering to a blunt end and blunt-pointed (mucronat). The upper side of the leaf is dark green and shows pronounced veins, the underside is light green. The leaf margin is simple or serrated.

The flowering time is winter or the beginning of spring. The dense racemose inflorescence is more or less finely hairy, the mostly deciduous prophylls are ciliate. The approximately 4 millimeters large flowers are five-fold, the yellow calyx lobes are lanceolate and tapering, petals are missing. The fruits are 4 to 6 millimeters large, obovate, non-fleshy berries that are initially red, but later turn black and each have three seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

distribution

The distribution area of ​​the holly buckthorn includes the Canary Islands, North Africa, Southern Europe, the Middle East and the Crimea. The species is widespread in the Mediterranean area and occurs north to Ticino and South Tyrol . You can find it e.g. B. in maquis or on deserted fields.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Rhamnus alaternus L. subsp. alaternus
  • Rhamnus alaternus subsp. pendula (Pamp.) Jafri (Syn .: Rhamnus pendula Pamp. ): It occurs only in Libya.

proof

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Die Kosmos-Mediterranflora . Franckh, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07803-5 , p. 144
  2. ↑ a b S.M. Haslam, PD Sell, PA Wolseley: A Flora of the Maltese Islands , Msida (Malta), 1977, p. 190
  3. ^ Rhamnus alaternus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ^ Rhamnus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
  5. ↑ Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 442 .
  6. ^ Hans Christian Weber, Bernd Kendzior: Flora of the Maltese Islands - A Field Guide , 2006, ISBN 3-8236-1478-9 , p. 178
  7. ^ A b T. Henning, E. von Raab-Straube (2016): Rhamnaceae .: Datasheet Rhamnus alaternus , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

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