Indian rose apple
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Indian rose apple ( Dillenia indica ) |
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The Indian rose apple ( Dillenia indica ) or Chalta is a deciduous tree with edible fruits from the rose apple family (Dilleniaceae). The original range is in South and Southeast Asia , but the species is also cultivated on the Caribbean islands .
description
The Indian rose apple is an evergreen deciduous tree up to 30 meters high with a diameter of up to 1.2 meters at chest height and a dense, round crown with sometimes small buttress roots or corrugations. The trunk bark is reddish-brown to greyish and scaly to flaky. Young twigs are hairy brown, but later lose their hair.
The leaves are alternate and have a 2 to 4 centimeter long, almost winged, furrowed stem with a felty base. The leaf blade is 15 to 40 centimeters long and 7 to 14 centimeters wide, obovate, lanceolate, more rarely lanceolate or lanceolate, pointed to acuminate or acuminate with a roughly serrated leaf margin. On both sides there are 30 to 40 (rarely from 20 and up to 70) pairs of parallel, clearly ruffled, sunken leaf veins . The upper side of the leaf is glabrous and shiny dark green, the underside somewhat hairy on the veins.
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The hermaphrodite flowers stand individually on branch ends on long stems and have a diameter of 12 to 20 centimeters. The five more or less boat-shaped sepals are round to ovate, 4 to 6 inches long and two inches wide, fleshy and yellowish-green in color. The thin and wrinkled petals are white, obovate and 7 to 9 inches long and 5 to 8 inches wide. They fall off a few hours after they bloom. The very many, dense stamens are arranged hemispherical around the carpels . The innermost are bent outwards in the upper part. In each flower there are 16 to 20 fleshy, light green carpels with a few ovules, which are fused, above and approximate, elongated and spirally twisted, fleshy, light green carpels . Their white, long and spreading, obscure-lanceolate stigma branches are spread out in a star shape over the stamens.
The aggregate fruits , composed of the lamellar , glassy-greenish carpels arranged on the hemispherical flower base , are enveloped by the persistent, greenish or yellowish to orange-colored sepals, which enlarge, harden and swell up to a thickness of 3 centimeters and become roofy in the process overlap ( false fruit ). The entire dummy fruits are round and up to 10 to 15 centimeters in size.
Five or more yellowish-brown, flat oval and one-sided bearded hairy seeds without a seed coat are formed per carpel . The seeds are not released, but the surrounding tissue dissolves in a slimy form at maturity.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24, 56 or approx. 52.
distribution
The natural range is in China ( Yunnan Province ), India and Sri Lanka , Thailand, Vietnam , Indonesia and Malaysia . There you can find the tree in river valleys and in alluvial sand on river banks. The Indian rose apple is cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and the Caribbean islands .
Systematics and research history
The Indian rose apple ( Dillenia indica ) is a species of the genus Dillenia in the rose apple family (Dilleniaceae). The species was scientifically described by Carl von Linné in 1753 in the Species Plantarum . Dillenia elliptica Thunb are used as synonyms . and Dillenia speciosa Thunb. specified.
use
The dummy fruits are used raw or cooked. The fibrous, fleshy, juicy and sourly aromatic sepals are edible and are eaten cooked or steamed as vegetables, used as an ingredient in chutneys , desserts and sauces, or made into jelly . Pureed and boiled with water you get a delicious drink.
The pulp of the carpels can be used as soap or shampoo . The juice of the fruit is taken as a cough syrup or a light laxative , the leaves and bark are astringent and are also used medicinally.
Furniture, veneers and parquet floors are made from the red-brown, hard and durable wood. The Indian rose apple is also used as an ornamental plant because of its large white flowers .
literature
- TK Lim: Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants. Volume 2: Fruits , Springer, 2012, ISBN 978-94-007-1763-3 , pp. 410-415.
- Bernd Nowak, Bettina Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical crops and their fruits . Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-494-01455-5 , p. 229-231 .
- Andreas Bärtels: Tropical Plants . Ornamental and useful plants. 5th, revised edition. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3937-5 , p. 112 .
- Zhixiang Zhang, Klaus Kubitzki : Dillenia . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 , pp. 332 (English).
Web links
- Dillenia indica at Useful Tropical Plants.
Individual evidence
- ^ Name after Bärtels: Tropical Plants . P. 112 and Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical crops and their fruits. P. 229.
- ^ Name after Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits. P. 229.
- ↑ Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits. P. 229.
- ↑ a b c d Zhang, Kubitzki: Dillenia indica in the Flora of China , Volume 12, page 332.
- ↑ a b c d Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits. P. 230.
- ↑ a b c d Dillenia indica. In: Flora of Pakistan. www.eFloras.org, accessed on January 9, 2012 (English).
- ^ Dillenia indica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Dillenia indica. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 9, 2012 .
- ↑ Bärtels: Tropical Plants . P. 112.
- ↑ a b Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits. P. 231.