Ipip

Ipip in hieroglyphics
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	Pronaos (vestibule) of the temple in Kom Ombo

Ipip (also Apip ; Greek Epiphi ; Coptic Epip ; Arabic Abib ) was the ancient Egyptian name of the third month of the season Schemu ( harvest / summer ) in the Egyptian calendar and represented the time from the beginning of May to the beginning of June .

background

etymology

The literal meaning remains unclear, as the Egyptian name is derived from an eponym and refers to an old festival: "Induction of the crowd to take sickles / knives / swords / sticks for courage / mate / Renenutet ". The determinative is also an ideogram for the festival of courage , which in turn is related to the festival of the " union of the eye of Re and the eye of Horus on the day of purification " at the new moon on the first day of the month of Ipet-hemet .

Another possible derivation is the day of childbirth of courage , as it was a moving festival in the annual calendar and coincided with the beginning of the harvest . In the original eleventh month chet Khenti- were at the beginning of the month April preparations for the journey of the deity Courage Hathor to Edfu made and during the ceremony of the "first cut of Emmers offered sacrifices" and the "first fruits of the field." In the course of the celebrations, thanks followed, which were connected with the "emergence of the statue of Mut-Hathor from her temple". The month of Chenti-chet also had the sign of the sun disk as a determinative in the Middle Kingdom .

In the Tebtunis lunar calendar around 132 BC BC it dated on the 28th Pharmouthi (month of April). In Esna , on the 19th of Epiphi, the festival of the seizure of the stick began , while in Kom Ombo the festivities under the name of the festival of the seizure of the sickle sword were celebrated on the 8th of Epiphi.

Change of calendar form

Alan Gardiner as well as Richard Anthony Parker suspect that Epiphi changed the year form in the course of the calendar history, which is why Epiphi, the former month Ipet-hemet, shifted from the twelfth to the eleventh month at the latest from the New Kingdom .

literature

Rolf Krauss : Sothis and moon data: studies on the astronomical and technical chronology of ancient Egypt , Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1985, ISBN 3-8067-8086-X
Jürgen Osing: Hieratic papyri from Tebtunis - Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies - , Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen 1998, ISBN 87-7289-280-3
Richard Anthony Parker : The calendars of ancient Egypt , Chicago Press, Chicago 1950
Siegfried Schott : Ancient Egyptian Festival Dates , Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences and Literature , Mainz / Wiesbaden 1950

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Cf. Siegfried Schott: Altägyptische Festdaten , Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz / Wiesbaden 1950, p. 111 and Jürgen Osing: Hieramic Papyri from Tebtunis - Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies - , Museum Tusculanum Press , University of Copenhagen 1998, p. 205.

[S-1] Cf. Siegfried Schott: Altägyptische Festdaten , Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz / Wiesbaden 1950, p. 111 and Jürgen Osing: Hieramic Papyri from Tebtunis - Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies - , Museum Tusculanum Press , University of Copenhagen 1998, p. 205.