Irma Klausner-Cronheim

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Irma Klausner-Cronheim , née Klausner (born February 26, 1874 in Frankfurt am Main ; died April 24, 1959 in New York ) was, alongside Rahel Straus and Else von der Leyen, one of the first three women to attend the University of Halle from May 1900 and the University of Heidelberg . She became a doctor and stood out to a large extent for her socio-political commitment.

Live and act

Irma Klausner-Cronheim attended school in Berlin from December 1880 to July 1889 and then Helene Lange's high school courses . In 1896 she passed her Abitur exams at the Royal Luisengymnasium and thus, together with Else von der Leyen , was one of the first to graduate from high school courses for women .

Entry in the register of the University of Heidelberg in 1900

As a listener, she studied medicine at the University of Halle, where she passed the preliminary medical examination in 1899. On May 9, 1900, she enrolled in medicine at Heidelberg University, making her one of the first four students to properly enroll at Heidelberg University in the summer semester. After one semester she returned to Halle and passed the state examination in 1901. In July of the same year doctorate them with the thesis A contribution to the etiology of multiple sclerosis .

In addition to her work at the Physiological Institute of the Agricultural University in Berlin , she initially set up a practice in her parents' apartment until she was able to open her own practice in 1905. In the same year she married Walter Cronheim. In addition, from 1904 to 1930 she worked for one or two hours a day in Max Michaelis' polyclinic , teaching medical students there and caring for patients.

In addition, from 1908 to 1915 she provided medical care for infants in a children's asylum in Halensee and participated in the training of nurses. Klausner worked as a physician for the “Commercial and Industrial Aid Association for Female Employees” and, together with Else von der Leyen, was one of the first women in the Berlin “Association of Freely Elected Statutory Health Insurance Physicians” and in 1914 also the second chairwoman of the “Association of Female Doctors' Hospital”.

Irma Klausner's father, Max Albert Klausner, was the political editor of the Berliner Börsen-Courier and had contacts with important politicians and members of the state parliament. He succeeded in enacting a law that enabled women to take medical exams in Prussia. Since his daughter is considered the impetus for this law, it was popularly called Lex Irma .

In 1927 she applied for elections to the Berlin Medical Association and advocated a stronger fight against bungling . She also campaigned for women's rights and was involved in the abortion debate. In 1931 she was one of the organizers of a rally by the Greater Berlin Doctors Committee, in which they spoke out against the ban on abortion under Section 218 of the Criminal Code .

As a Jew , her license to practice medicine was revoked in 1938, after which she first emigrated to Stockholm in November 1938 and to New York in April 1940 . In 1943 she took over medical care for the mentally ill in a sanatorium on Long Island . She retired in 1957 and died two years later in New York.

Works

Autobiography

  • A medicine's thorn path. In: supplement to the Vossische Zeitung . No. 307, December 25, 1929.

Publications

  • A contribution to the etiology of multiple sclerosis. Halle, Med. Diss. V. July 9, 1901 a. Archive. f. Psychiatr. Neurology. (1901), pp. 841-868.
  • Application for the married woman's name right. In: The woman . 34 (1926/27), p. 506.
  • The transition from real to high school courses. Mschr. Dtsch. Doctors. 4, pp. 58-60 (1928).
  • Opinion against § 218 StGB. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt . 59 (1930), p. 303.
  • Kidney damage from Vigantol. In: German Medical Weekly . 1930 II, pp. 1566-1567.
  • Treatment of migraines with anterior pituitary hormone. In. German Medical Weekly. No. 34, 1931; quoted according to: Munich Medical Weekly . 78 (1931), p. 1627.
  • For Agnes Bluhm's 70th birthday. in. The doctor. 8 (1932), pp. 31–33 (with list of writings from A. Bluhm's scientific work).

See also

literature

  • Wolfgang U. Eckart: Initially, however, only on a trial basis. 100 years ago: The first female medical students move into Heidelberg University. In: Heidelberg. Yearbook on the history of the city. 4th year 1999, pp. 77-98.
  • Dieter G. Maier, Jürgen Nürnberger: The daughters of the Max A. Klausner family: “All people above average”. Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-95565-119-0 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin: Doctors in the Empire. Retrieved April 1, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Marco Birn: Education and Equal Rights. The beginnings of women's studies at the University of Heidelberg (1869 to 1918). Kurpfälzischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2012, p. 53.
  3. ↑ Online version of the matriculation book of Heidelberg University 1895-1906 , last accessed on May 6, 2020.
  4. ↑ Marco Birn: Education and Equal Rights. The beginnings of women's studies at the University of Heidelberg (1869 to 1918). Kurpfälzischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2012, p. 51.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart: At first, however, only on a trial basis. 100 years ago: The first female medical students move into Heidelberg University. In: Heidelberg. Yearbook on the history of the city. 4th year 1999, pp. 77-98.
  6. ↑ "Above all, it was the desire to learn, to know". In 1900, four female students from Ruperto Carola pioneered women's studies in Germany. Heidelberg University website, last accessed April 1, 2020.
  7. ↑ Karen Hagemann (ed.): A woman thing. Everyday Life and Birth Policy 1919–1933. Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, Pfaffenweiler 1991, p. 195.
personal data
SURNAME Klausner-Cronheim, Irma
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Klausner (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, one of the first women to study in Germany
DATE OF BIRTH February 26, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH April 24, 1959
Place of death new York