Ismail Haniyya

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ismail Haniyya (2020)

Ismail Haniyya ( Arabic إسماعيل هنية, DMG Ismāʿīl Haniyya orإسماعيل عبد السلام أحمد هنية, DMG Ismāʿīl ʿAbd as-Salām Aḥmad Haniyya [or Hanīya] , often also as Ismail Haniyeh or Ismail Hanija ; * January 29, 1963 in the Ash Shati refugee camp in the Gaza Strip ) was Prime Minister of the Palestinian Territories from March 2006 to June 2007 . He is one of the so-called top five political leaders of the militant Islamist Palestinian Hamas .

Life

His parents had to flee to the Ash Shati refugee camp near Gaza City during the Palestinian War in 1948 , where he grew up and still lives with his family today. Haniyya attended a United Nations school in Gaza and studied Arabic literature at the Islamic University of Gaza until 1987 . There he came into contact with radical independence movements.

In 1987 and 1988 he was sentenced to shorter prison terms for participating in the first Intifada . 1989 Haniyya was eventually sentenced to three years in prison and 1992 along with other senior Hamas members as Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi and Mahmoud al-Zahar in southern Lebanon deported.

Upon his return in 1993, he was appointed dean of the Faculty of Philosophy at the Islamic University . In 1997 he became the bureau chief of Sheikh Ahmad Yasins , the spiritual leader of Hamas, and Hamas' liaison to the Palestinian Authority . In March 2004, he survived the killing of Yasin by the Israeli army . After Yasin's successor ar-Rantisi was also liquidated the following month , Hamas decided to keep the name of its new leader in Gaza a secret. Palestinian sources speak of the fact that Haniyya, together with az-Zahar and Sayyid as-Sayyam, forms a top three. In the 2006 elections in the Palestinian Territories, he was the top candidate on the Hamas list.

Haniyya is considered a relatively pragmatic figure within Hamas. Early on, he tried to integrate Hamas into the Palestinian liberation organization PLO . He is making sustained efforts to establish a coalition government with the Fatah movement of Palestinian President Abbas . On the evening of February 21, 2006, President Abbas appointed Haniyya as the new Prime Minister of the Palestinian Territories at the suggestion of Hamas. According to unsecured reports, Haniyya is said to have received a letter from Abbas calling on the new Hamas-led government to comply with all peace treaties and agreements made with Israel.

Thereupon Haniyya declared his willingness in principle to recognize Israel in the event that Israel withdraws to the 1967 borders. In addition, the right of return for Palestinian refugees should be established. After violent protests within Hamas, Haniyya put his statements into perspective and instead of a peace solution only spoke of a permanent ceasefire. On March 29, 2006, he was appointed Prime Minister and presented his government.

In August 2009, Haniyya made an uncompromising statement regarding the recognition of Israel: “Hamas will never recognize the Zionist entity ... and [will] continue the resistance until liberating the land and the holy sites” (“Hamas will never recognize the Zionist entity ... and [will] ] to continue the resistance to liberate the land and the holy places ”). In contrast, in December 2010, on behalf of Hamas, he declared that his organization would accept a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders. In addition, it would respect a referendum on a peace agreement, provided the majority of all Palestinians vote in favor.

At the beginning of May 2011, Haniyya and Mahmud Abbas ( Fatah ) signed, to the surprise of many, a reconciliation agreement that the Egyptian leadership had drawn up a year and a half earlier on behalf of the Arab League . Hamas in particular had refused to sign it. Both parliamentary groups plan to form a joint transitional government before the parliamentary elections in 2012. Palestinian political experts attributed this step to the Arab uprisings since the beginning of 2011.

On February 11, 2012, Haniyya took part in the celebrations for the 33rd anniversary of the Islamic Revolution in Tehran .

When Hamas terminated the ceasefire in early June 2006 and rockets hit Israeli territory, Zachi Ha-Negbi , chairman of the Knesset's Foreign and Defense Committee , threatened Haniyya's "elimination": if Hamas again committed suicide bombings in Israel, he would be Head of government outlawed .

In order to end the international boycott of the Hamas government and the associated financial embargo in the West, Hamas and Fatah have been negotiating since autumn 2006 to form a government of national unity. Haniyya thereupon declared his willingness to resign if this could result in a lifting of the sanctions. Muhammad Shabir was being discussed as his successor . However, Haniyya remained in office until June 15, 2007. On that day he was dismissed by President Mahmoud Abbas because he saw Prime Minister Haniyya as the main culprit for the civil war between Hamas and Fatah. Abbas appointed the previous finance minister Salam Fayyad as prime minister of an emergency government.

Compared to the other leaders of Hamas, Haniyya is assigned to the more moderate wing. He is said to have no connection with the militants. Haniyya is considered the man who could lead Hamas if the radical and militant wing were to lose power.

In May 2017, the Shura elected Haniyya, previously deputy to the Hamas Politburo chairman Khalid Maschal , as the new chairman of its political office.

In January 2018, the United States added Haniyya to its Specially Designated Global Terrorist list .

Haniyya is married and has thirteen children.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ "Haniyya: 'Hamas will never recognize the Zionist entity'", International Middle East Media Center, Aug. 14, 2009
  2. ^ Soft tones from the Gaza Strip. The Hamas leader Ismael Hanija is willing to compromise - Israel and Fatah are still skeptical , Frankfurter Rundschau , December 2, 2010.
  3. ↑ cf. Palestinians seal reconciliation: The end of "four black years" ( Memento from May 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) at tagesschau.de, May 4, 2011 (accessed on May 4, 2011).
  4. ↑ n24.de ( Memento from February 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Middle East: Israel threatens Haniyah with murder , Focus , June 12, 2006.
  6. ↑ http://app.handelsblatt.com/politik/international/us-politik-im-naher-osten-trump-erklaert-hamas-chef-zum-globalen-terroristen/20918046.html
personal data
SURNAME Haniyya, Ismail
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hanija, Ismail; Haniyeh, Ismail
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Palestinian politician (Hamas)
DATE OF BIRTH January 29, 1963
PLACE OF BIRTH Ash Shati refugee camp , Gaza Strip