Frequentative

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Frequentativ [um] or iterative [um] ( Latin verbum frequentativum or verbum iterativum ; from Latin frequentia "frequency" or from iterare "repeat") or repetitive - denotes the type of action of a verb that expresses a repetitive single event.

Verba frequentativa are v. a. found in ancient languages ​​such as Latin and Ancient Greek . In Latin they can be recognized by the suffix -it . In German, one uses adverbs like “often” or verbal complexes like “care” + “zu” -infinitive to reproduce.

Examples from Latin:

  • vent -it- are “often come” to ven-ire “come”, participle perfect passive vent-um
  • fact -it- are “usually to do” to fac-ere “to do, do”, past participle passive fact-us .

There are frequentative or iterative verbs in German as well. These are often derived from the original verb with the suffix -eln or -ern , as are the diminutive verbs :

  • bed eln ← "ask repeatedly"
  • dräng Pedal ← "repeated urging"
  • häk eln ← "repeat hook"
  • kling eln ← "sound repeatedly"
  • metz eln ← "repeatedly metz (= cut)"
  • bulk Pedal ← "repeatedly pour"
  • stich eln ← "stab repeatedly".

These formations correspond to the Old High German iterative and diminutive verbal stem formations with the l-suffix. Iterative verbs formed with other suffixes also appeared in large numbers in Old High German. Most of them have the suffix -azzen or -ezzen , which expresses a particularly intense nuance of iteration; z. B. gakkezzen (gack ren , schnatt ren ) roffezzen (burp), heilazzen (cure). Some of them have survived in regional dialects.

The Russian language can express the iterative by the suffix -ва- [-wa-], e.g. B .:

  • говаривать [gowariwat '] "used to say".

In Spanish through the mold "volver a" plus infinitive reproduced:

  • María volvió a empty el libro. "Maria read the book again."

literature

Remarks

  1. Frequentatīvum . In: Universal Lexicon of the Present and Past . 4., reworked. and greatly increased edition, Volume 6:  Europa – Gascogne , self-published, Altenburg 1858, p.  703 .
  2. Johann Christoph ennobling : massacre . In: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect . 2nd Edition. Johann Gottlob Immanuel Breitkopf and Compagnie , Leipzig 1793 ( zeno.org ).
  3. In the old basic meaning of "pour" = "to move back and forth". pour. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 15 : Schiefeln – Soul - (IX). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1899 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  4. ^ Gerhard Köbler : Paperback of the old high German vocabulary . Verlag Schöningh, 1994, p. XLIX.
  5. In Bavarian such are z. B. kagetzen (hoarse to speak), eventually shred (on the ice slide to slifan grind), rofetzen (burp, burp), naffetzen (nod).