Ixodes amersoni
| Ixodes amersoni | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Ixodes amersoni | ||||||||||||
| Kohls , 1943 |
Ixodes amersoni is a species from the genus Ixodes within the family of ticks (Ixodidae)knownin only a few adult female specimens from the Pacific Phoenix Islands Rawaki and Enderbury and the New Zealand Kermadec Islands .
Ixodes amersoni is a blood-sucking ectoparasite found on seabirds .
features
Adult female ticks
The only known specimen of Ixodes amersoni at the time of the first description was a nearly saturated female tick. Without the gnathosoma, it has a length of 6.66 millimeters and a width of 4.92 millimeters, the gnathosoma is about one millimeter long, with a width at the base of 0.55 millimeters. The scutum is 1.47 millimeters long and 0.88 millimeters wide and widened in a club-shaped manner. It is slightly hairy on the front two-thirds, the rear third is hairless, shiny and clearly darker.
The coxes I to IV each have an outer mandrel, the mandrels on the first pair of coxes being stronger. The inside of the first and second pair of coxes is also very short. The thigh rings of all pairs of legs have a short triangular spine ventrally, the spines of the fourth pair of coxes are the shortest.
The genital opening is located anteriorly between pairs of coxes II and III. The anal pit is oval and open to the rear, in its area there are three pairs of setae .
Ixodes amersoni is similar in its morphology to the species Ixodes laysanensis from seabirds on the island of Laysan, which belongs to Hawaii . Important differences are the pointed hypostome, which is broadly rounded in Ixodes laysanensis , and the significantly longer and differently shaped scutum. From likewise similar type Ixodes murreleti differs Ixodes amersoni by the shape of Scutums, the Gnathosomas and palpi .
Adult males, nymphs, larvae
The male adult ticks, the nymphs and the larvae are still unknown. Information in the literature according to which the nymph has been described is probably due to a confusion with Ixodes laysanensis .
distribution and habitat
The type location of Ixodes amersoni is to Kiribati belonging Phoenix island Rawaki ( 3 ° 43 ' S , 170 ° 43' O ).
The islands of Micronesia are considered to be the distribution area . Proof is available in addition to the location of the type from the island of Enderbury , which also belongs to the Phoenix Islands . The claim that Hawaii belongs to the range of Ixodes amersoni is incorrect.
In 2012 it was reported that two female specimens were found on the Kermadec Islands, part of the New Zealand Offshore Islands .
Way of life
Like all species of the genus Ixodes , Ixodes amersoni is a hematophagous parasite of vertebrates . The type host is the fairy tern ( Gygis alba ). Another well-known host from the Phoenix Islands is the red-footed booby ( Sula sula ).
In 2012, one finding of an adult female tick from a white-headed petrel ( Pterodroma lessonii ) and a gray noddi ( Procelsterna albivitta ) was reported from New Zealand islands, but the find on the gray noddi was later revoked as an error.
In the recent literature were as hosts of Ixodes amersoni and the black-footed albatross ( Phoebastria nigripes ), the Frigate ( Fregata minor ), and the Noddi ( Anous stolidus ) specified. However, this information is based on an incorrect evaluation of earlier literature and actually relates to Ixodes laysanensis .
Systematics
Internal and external systematics
Ixodes amersoni heard with approximately 250 other types of globally extended genus Ixodes in the family of the ticks (Ixodidae). No subspecies have been described.
Initial description
Ixodes amersoni was first described in 1966 by Glen M. Kohls in the Journal of Medical Entomology . The basis of the description was a single approximately saturated female tick, which an employee of the Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program had found on a fairy tern in May 1965 and which had been sent by A. Binion Amerson to Kohls for identification.
The holotype is in the United States National Tick Collection in Statesboro , Georgia.
The species name amersoni honors the American arachnologist and parasitologist A. Binion Amerson .
Synonyms
- Ixodes (Multidentatus) amersoni Kohls , 1966: In 1973 the genus Ixodes was examined by a group of American acarologists led by Carleton M. Clifford , who described the subgenus Multidentatus with the type species Ixodes laysanensis . Ixodes amersoni was also assigned to this subgenus with ten other species.
- Scaphixodes (Multidentatus) amersoni ( Kohls , 1966): In 1998 a group of French acarologists led by Jean-Louis Camicas divided the genus Ixodes into numerous new genera and sub-genera.
The rearrangements by Clifford et al. and Camicas et al. were not accepted by the community of acarologists.
literature
- Glen M. Kohls : A new sea bird tick, Ixodes amersoni, from Phoenix Island (Acarina: Ixodidae) . In: Journal of Medical Entomology 1966, Volume 3, No. 1, pp. 38-40, doi : 10.1093 / jmedent / 3.1.38 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Glen M. Kohls: A new sea bird tick, Ixodes amersoni, from Phoenix Island (Acarina: Ixodidae) , p. 38.
- ↑ a b Jean-Louis Camicas et al .: Les tiques du monde (Acarida, Ixodida). Nomenclature, stades décrits, hôtes, répartition . Éditions de l'Orstom, Paris 1998, pp. 64–69, ISBN 2-7099-1418-2 , online PDF , 5.8 MB.
- ^ A b Muriel Dietrich, Elena Gómez-Díaz and Karen D. McCoy: Worldwide Distribution and Diversity of Seabird Ticks. Implications for the Ecology and Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Pathogens . In: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 2011, Volume 11, No. 5, pp. 453-470, doi : 10.1089 / vbz.2010.0009 .
- ↑ a b Alberto A. Guglielmone et al .: The Hard Ticks of the World (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Springer Science + Business Media, Dordrecht 2014, ISBN 978-94-007-7496-4 , pp. 20-21.
- ^ A b A. Binion Amerson: Tick distribution in the Central Pacific as influenced by the sea bird movement . In: Journal of Medical Entomology 1968, Volume 5, No. 3, pp. 332-339, doi : 10.1093 / jmedent / 5.3.332 .
- ↑ a b c Allen CG Heath et al .: Checklist of New Zealand ticks (Acari: Ixodidae, Argasidae) . In: Zootaxa 2011, No. 2995, pp. 55-63, doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4021.4.11 .
- ^ Scott Hardwick and Allen CG Heath: The tick fauna of the New Zealand subregion: Recent additions, misidentifications and associated gaps in our knowledge . In: New Zealand Entomological Society (Ed.): Proceedings of the 61st conference of the New Zealand Entomological Society, Whangarei, New Zealand, 17th – 20th April, 2012 , p. 46, online PDF , 1.0 MB.
- ^ Allen CG Heath: Checklist of ectoparasites of birds in New Zealand: additions and corrections . In: Surveillance 2010, Volume 37, No. 1, pp. 12-17, online PDF , 158 kB.
- ↑ James E. Keirans and Carleton M. Clifford: A checklist of types of Ixodoidea (Acari) in the collection of the Rocky Mountain Laboratories . In: Journal of Medical Entomology 1984, Volume 21, No. 3, pp. 310-320, doi : 10.1093 / jmedent / 21.3.310 .
- ↑ Carleton M. Clifford et al .: Systematics of the subfamily Ixodinae (Acarina: Ixodidae). 1. The subgenera of Ixodes . In: Annals of The Entomological Society of America 1973, Volume 66, No. 3, pp. 489-500, doi : 10.1093 / aesa / 66.3.489 .