József Nyírő

József Nyirő

József Nyírő [ ˈjoːʒɛf ˈɲiːrøː ] (born July 18, 1889 in Székelyzsombor (Jimbor, Romania ), Austria-Hungary ; † October 16, 1953 in Madrid ) was a ethnic Hungarian writer and politician . After Albert Wass , he is considered to be the main representative of this movement in Hungary and, alongside him, is revered as a national poet in populist circles.

Life

Nyírő belonged to the Szekler population in Transylvania and attended the Catholic grammar school in Székelyudvarhely , he enjoyed further training at the Catholic college in Alba Iulia and Vienna . From 1919 he worked as a Catholic clergyman in what is now the Romanian district of Cluj . When he married his childhood sweetheart, he was excommunicated from the Catholic Church . After leaving the church office, he worked as a mill operator and later as a journalist .

In 1941, after Transylvania was annexed to Hungary ruled by Miklós Horthy by the Second Vienna Arbitral Award , he moved to Budapest as a representative for Transylvania . There he became editor of the weekly magazine "Magyar Erő" (Hungarian Force). Since his folk literature appeared compatible with National Socialism , Nyírő was invited from 1941 to participate in the European poets' meeting in Weimar organized by the Nazi literature business .

After the coup of the fascist Arrow Cross members under Ferenc Szálasi , Nyírő was a member of the so-called "Arrow Cross Parliament" from October 1944. In March 1945 he fled to Germany on the special train of this parliament from the advancing Red Army .

In 1947 the Hungarian Interior Minister László Rajk applied to the Allies for extradition as a war criminal under the London Statute of 1945, but the request remained unsuccessful. In 1948 Nyírő became chairman of the newly founded Hungarian Cultural Association in Munich. After the establishment of the FRG, Nyírő moved on to French-speaking Spain because he wanted to avoid extradition due to the changed legal situation.

After 2010, Viktor Orbán's Hungarian government declared him an important folk poet and made writings by him and other folk poets compulsory reading in schools.

In May 2012 there was a heated dispute between the Hungarian and Romanian governments after the Hungarian government announced that his ashes would be transferred to the Romanian town of Odorheiu Secuiesc for an unofficial state funeral. According to the Romanian government, the honor of Nyírő contradicts European values, since Nyírő has made anti-Semitic statements . The urn with Nyírő's ashes disappeared under unknown circumstances before the planned reburial.

Fonts in German translation (selection)

• The Uz. Novel from the snow mountains of Transylvania , translation by Andreas Gaspar, Berlin, Zsolnay 1937
• The death stakes. A book from Transylvania , translation by Wilhelm Dérföldy-Lux. P. Zsolnay, Berlin 1941
• Because nobody bears life alone , translation Hildegard von Roos, Hans von Hugo Verlag, Berlin 1941, Victoria Verlag, 1954

Web links

Commons : József Nyirő  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about József Nyírő in the catalog of the German National Library
• József Nyírő in the Internet Movie Database (English)

Individual evidence

1. ^ William Totok : Romania: The ashes of the fascist. In: haGalil , May 30, 2012, accessed July 8, 2017.
2. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from May 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ http://pusztaranger.wordpress.com/
4. ^ Ethnic groups at ORF
5. ↑ Cathrin Kahlweit: Last rest for the people poet , SZ, May 25, 2012, p. 7
6. ↑ Messages  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at n24