Jödebrunnen
The Jödebrunnen is a spring in the urban area of Braunschweig , which supplied the old town of Braunschweig with drinking water for several centuries until the late 19th century . The "Hägener Jödebrunnen", a spring near Riddagshausen , and the "Jödebrunnen in front of the High Gate" are known under the same name, the latter is still called the Jödebrunnen today and is a natural and architectural monument .
history
This fountain was mentioned as early as 1345 and is therefore the oldest evidence of Braunschweig's drinking water supply. As early as the 14th century, the spring was surrounded on three sides by a 90 cm thick sand-lime brick wall, which resulted in an almost square basin with an edge length of 45 m and a depth of 1.5 m. The wall has a total depth of 3 m. The fountain still exists in this form today.
A wooden water pipe, so-called " pipen ", led over 2,000 meters to the old town market fountain . The name of the district "Auf dem Pipen-Stiege", today Pippelweg, near Broitzemer Straße indicates that the water pipe ran here. The laying depth was 1.7 m. The line crossed the western flood ditch of the Oker , attached to the bridge Hohes Tor.
The source is at an altitude of 77.87 m above sea level. NN , the old town market at about 73 m. With a height of the outlets of the old town market fountain of about 2 m, there is only a height difference of almost 3 m between the source and the fountain.
Name origin
The original name was "Joghedborn" (youth fountain) and referred to the always fresh spring water. Later references call it Jöteborn, Geer- or Gödebrunnen, from which the current form Jödebrunnen developed.
Today's meaning
In 1864 the water supply in the Braunschweig city center was changed and wells and pipelines were superfluous. The fountain area is close to the A 391 behind several buildings and has been directly accessible again via a branch path since May 2015 after it was not open to the public for decades. The name of a tram stop and the street name "Am Jödebrunnen" refer to the historic fountain.
With the construction of the motorway and the declining importance of the Westbahnhof , the Jödebrunnen moved into a peripheral location. And since it was no longer open to the public for decades, the population also lost its awareness and the area overgrown over the years. With the renovation of the area around the Westbahnhof, a revitalization of the Jödebrunnen became possible for the first time.
- Importance as a monument
The special historical importance of the Jödebrunnen was recognized on the occasion of the 666th anniversary on March 22, 2011. Braunschweig's municipal conservationist, Udo Gebauhr, pointed out that it is not only a natural but also a very valuable architectural monument: the fountain is of historical importance due to its age and the associated rarity. The fountain also illustrates the tasks of the “city” community - here in the important area of supplying fresh drinking water since the Middle Ages. The planning and technical mastering of the construction of the (wooden) aqueduct, which was initially 2 km long in the Feldmark, then through the city fortifications and finally into the city, is also remarkable. This also gives the fountain a special social, urban and technical importance.
- Refurbishment 2014
With the revitalization of the Jödebrunnen area, public use is to be made possible and the Jödebrunnen is to be integrated into a public green area and the area surrounding the Westbahnhof. In 2014, the city of Braunschweig therefore started the renovation of the well and the redesign of the site, which had been overgrown until then. For this purpose, the basin was emptied and 150 tons of sludge were disposed of as hazardous waste. In addition, almost 18 tons of branches had to be removed from the basin. The walls were completely exposed, freed from vegetation, cleaned and grouted according to the specifications of the monument preservation. A renewed rooting should be countered by dimpled sheets. Further investigations are expected to determine the age of the pile foundations.
The renovation work was financed by the city together with other sponsors.
The Schölke
The water overflowing from the Jödebrunnen already flowed into a ditch called the Jödebrunnengraben, which represents the upper reaches of the Schölke.
Office building
At Jödebrunnen there is a little house with a veranda built in 1899, which was built for the company owner Brachvogel according to the plans of the architect and master mason F. Schönemann. He used it as an office building. The building has been owned by the city of Braunschweig since 2011 and since 2013 the further use of the architecturally worthy building has been considered.
More Jödebrunnen
Hagen Jödebrunnen
The fountain was mentioned in 1401 as "haghenborn" and supplied the lion fountain at the Katharinenkirche and on the Hagenmarkt (today's Heinrichsbrunnen ) via a 1,100 meter long pipeline . During the construction work on the city fortifications, this line was relocated and replaced in parts with lead elements.
In the 19th century, the filling of the well decreased due to the cultivation of the boggy Hagenbruch. To maintain the supply, an additional well was drilled nearby and the water was fed into the existing well. In the course of the settlement of this area, the well came into the possession of the Braunschweiger dairy (Wiesenstrasse / Steinbrecherstrasse), which used it for self-sufficiency. Today the fountain is covered by the parking lot of a supermarket and is no longer used.
The Jödebrunnen in the Feldmark Riddagshausen
To the east of Braunschweig city center, between Moorteich and Lünischteich in the Riddagshäusener Feldmark, the general survey of 1753 also found a source called Jöte Born , about which no further information is available.
See also
literature
- Wilhelm Appelt and Theodor Müller: Water arts and waterworks of the city of Braunschweig , in: Braunschweiger Werkstücke , Bd. 33. Braunschweig 1964
- Wolfgang Kimpflinger: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony , Volume 1.2 .: City of Braunschweig , Part 2, Verlag CW Niemeyer, Hameln 1996, ISBN 3-8271-8256-5
- Water . In: City of Braunschweig (ed.): Environmental Atlas . Braunschweig December 2007, Chapter 8.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Environmental Atlas of the City of Braunschweig, Topic Source Areas, Braunschweig 2007
- ↑ Directory of cultural monuments, Part I, 1: Architectural monuments (§ 4 Lower Monument Protection Act NDSchG) for the city of Braunschweig
- ↑ a b Stefanie Kellner: A fountain of youth for Braunschweig. Almost unchanged since the Middle Ages: the Jödebrunnen . In: Monumente , Vol. 25 (2015), Issue 4 (August), pp. 34–35.
- ↑ LGN Lower Saxony, topographic map 1: 50,000, as of 2000
- ↑ a b Press release of the city of Braunschweig from October 13, 2014: Funding secures the renovation of important architectural and natural monuments , Internet portal of the city of Braunschweig , accessed on October 15, 2014.
- ↑ Appelt / Müller, Water Arts and Waterworks of the City of Braunschweig , s. Literature, p. 33
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 9 ″ N , 10 ° 29 ′ 52 ″ E
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