Rijeka Jewish Community
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The Jewish community in Rijeka is one of ten Jewish communities in Croatia . The other Jewish communities in Croatia have their headquarters in Čakovec , Daruvar , Dubrovnik , Koprivnica , Osijek , Slavonski Brod , Split , Virovitica and Zagreb . The chairman of the Rijeka Jewish Community is Mr. Vlado Kon.
origin
The history of the Jewish community of Rijeka goes back to the arrival of Italian Jews in 1441 in the Croatian coastal city of Rijeka . They came from the Italian region of Marche and the province of Pesaro and Urbino .
founding
The community was officially founded in 1781, and the community grew during this time due to the settlement of Croatian Jews from the Croatian coastal town of Split towards the end of the 18th century. The Jews from Split started the first initiative to establish a synagogue and a Jewish cemetery in Rijeka. Most of the Jewish community members were members of Ashkenazi Judaism until the 19th century . From the 19th century onwards, large numbers of Jews settled in Rijeka, who numerically belonged to Sephardic Judaism. Around 2,000 Jews lived in Rijeka at the end of the 19th century.
1941-1945
During the Holocaust , 20 of the 41 synagogues that existed before 1941 were destroyed in the so-called " Independent State of Croatia " (NDH). Of the approx. 25,000 Jews who lived in Croatia in 1941, around 18,000 to 20,000 Jews were killed by the fascist NDH regime through abuse , court judgments, deportations to assembly camps , labor camps and later also to extermination / death camps such as the Jasenovac camp killed. About 3,000 Jews survived the Holocaust in all of Croatia. In 1943 the Jewish community in Rijeka had around 4,700 members. Today around 250 to 400 parishioners live in Rijeka.
Synagogues
In 1890 the Rijeka Jewish Community started an initiative to build a synagogue. This project lasted ten years. The Austrian architect Wilhelm Stiassny from Vienna submitted the first architectural project . In 1901, the Jewish community of Rijeka chose the Hungarian architect Lipót Baumhorn from Budapest. Carlo Alessandro Conighi began construction in 1902 and completed it in 1903. During this time the Jewish community in Rijeka had 2,500 parishioners. This synagogue was destroyed during the Second World War.
The Association of Orthodox Israelites acquired 769 m² of land, which they owned in 1928. After the property was acquired, the initiative to build an "orthodox" house of God followed. According to architectural plans by G. Angyal and P. Fabra, the Association of Orthodox Israelites began building the synagogue. The synagogue was built in 1928 . It survived the Second World War largely undamaged and is one of three synagogues in Croatia that escaped destruction. Today it represents the headquarters of the Rijeka Jewish Community.
graveyard
Until 1845 the deceased parishioners were buried on their own parish property. By decisions of city leaders in 1840, the Jewish Community Rijeka buried their dead since 1875 in the town cemetery Kozala in Rijeka. The grave area of the Jewish cemetery is 6033 m².
Special
On November 30, 2006, the Rijeka Jewish Community celebrated its 225th anniversary.
See also
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ cf. Rijeka Jewish Community, accessed on July 27, 2008 ( Memento of the original from September 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ cf. Zagreb Jewish Community, accessed July 27, 2008
- ↑ cf. Zagreb Jewish Community, accessed July 27, 2008
- ↑ cf. Rijeka Jewish Community, accessed on July 27, 2008 ( Memento of the original from September 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
