Jewish cemetery (Malchow)

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The Jewish cemetery in Malchow - 1880 (small square between the Scheunenviertel and the churchyard)

The Malchow Jewish Cemetery in Malchow in the Mecklenburg Lake District in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is a protected architectural monument .

description

The cemetery is located on the western edge of the city, immediately to the east next to the municipal cemetery by the cemetery administration building. Today only the gravestones for Hermann and Friederike Schlomann are erected on the 600 m² site . On the southern wall of the cemetery there are two more gravestones with inscriptions in Hebrew script . Jewish cemeteries were designated as burial places on the official maps and were signed with an L instead of a †. Mostly they were created further outside the cities or communities, mainly in the barn districts or similar remote locations. This is also the case here in Malchow, where the Jewish cemetery was laid out between the town's Scheunenviertel and the municipal cemetery.

  • Jewish cemetery Malchow.jpg
  • Jewish cemetery Malchow1.jpg
  • Jewish cemetery Malchow2.jpg

history

The Jewish cemetery in Malchow was probably laid out around 1790/1800. More precise information cannot be given from the sources evaluated so far. As in most other cities in Mecklenburg, the period will only have been laid out a little after the first protective Jews had settled in the 1750s. In 1810, some members of the Israelite community founded a funeral association ( Chewra Kadisha ). In the town's land register, the cemetery was registered as the property of the Jewish community under land register sheet 2921 (burial place 606 m²) and under land register sheet 6922 the no longer existing mortuary with 21 m².

Between April 7th and 9th, 1920, at a time of increasing anti-Semitism , there was the first serious desecration of the graves, eight gravestones were knocked over and damaged. Despite an advertised reward, the perpetrators could not be identified. In the Nazi era , the cemetery was again desecrated. At the time of the purchase agreement of September 28, 1944 between the Greater German Reich and the city of Malchow - the Jewish state community had already been expropriated as the owner - numerous tombs were still preserved, although mostly overturned and in some cases considerably damaged. The morgue was already destroyed by then. The remaining grave monuments and tombstones, the enclosure wall and the old pump in the cemetery, which has since become unusable, were also sold. The city of Malchow had to pay the Reich 550 RM (land with wall and pump 50 RM, grave monuments or tombstones 500 RM). According to the report at the time, the grave monuments and gravestones were "partly broken off and overturned", "in many cases overgrown with weeds and old leaves, various monuments will also have been damaged ... The cemetery is overgrown". It remains unknown whether the clearance took place during this time or after the end of the war .

Until the end of the 1980s, some tombstones and tombstone fragments were still preserved. In 1988 the city set up a plaque decorated with palm branches and a Star of David. The completely neglected area was prepared. According to a 1993 report, no more gravestones were found. After another period of neglect, extensive repairs were carried out in 1994/96, the surrounding wall was repaired and the Schlomann grave was obviously erected again. Students from Malchow schools maintain the cemetery.

According to the overview by Karl-Heinz Oelke (see lit. ), the following people were found in the cemetery on the basis of an evaluation of the death notices in the Malchower Nachrichten or the Malchower Tageblatt between 1891 and 1929 (no information is available for before and after!) buried: Elias Moses Löwenthal (1825-ca. 1886), Eli Jacobson (1860–1880), Clara Jacobson (1882–1883), Anna Jacobson (1884–1885), SS Jacobson (1806–1891), M. Philippson (1809 –1892), Nathan Schlomann (1808–1895), August Schlomann (1873–1898), Sara Pincus (? -1898), Moritz Jacobson (1848–1899), Eva Meyer b. Heynßen (1821–1899), Marianne Schlomann (1805–1900), Julius Löwenthal (1852–1900), SM Jacobson (1820–1903), LM Levy (1821–1903), Hermann Levy (1859–1905), Jonas Ascher ( ? - 1906), Sophie Schlomann b. Seligson (1851–1906), Max Löwenthal (1856–1907), Helene Löwenthal (1825–1908), Felix Schlomann (1876–1908), Marianne Jacobson (1820–1908), Emilie Ascher b. Kohl (1849–1909), Isaak Louis (1831–1911), Friederike Schlomann b. Philippson (1843–1912), Hermann Schlomann (1840–1913), Henriette Levy (1830–1914), Emmi Löwenthal (? - 1915), Louis D. Levy (1833–1915), Eva Löwenthal (? - 1916), Friederike Schlomann (1850–1923), Selma Koppel b. Levy (? - 1923), Philippine Levy (? - 1924), Hermann Löwenthal (? - 1923), Sophie Louis (1841–1926), Semmy Schlomann (1854–1927), Rebecke Levy (1837–1927), Betty Schlomann ( ? - 1928), Isidor Jacobson (? - approx. 1936/38)

literature

  • Michael Brocke, Eckehard Ruthenberg, Kai Uwe Schulenburg: Stone and Name. The Jewish cemeteries in East Germany (New Federal States / GDR and Berlin). Institute Church and Judaism, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-923095-19-8 . (This source contains numerous inaccuracies and errors and is therefore only of limited scientific and historical suitability.)
  • Karl-Heinz Oelke: From the history of the Jewish community in Malchow (Meckl.). Malchow 1994.

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof (Malchow)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Text: Research project “Jewish cemeteries” of the University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, published in: https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=203464&lang=de
  2. ↑ Karl-Heinz Oelke, From the history of the Jewish community in Malchow (Meckl.) , City of Malchow (Meckl.) (Ed.), Malchow: Schuboth, 1994, p. 40.
  3. ^ Brocke / Ruthenberg / Schulenburg: Stone and Name. The Jewish cemeteries in East Germany, p. 496
  4. ↑ Text: Research project “Jewish cemeteries” of the University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, published in: https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=203464&lang=de
  5. ↑ a b Karl-Heinz Oelke, From the history of the Jewish community in Malchow (Meckl.) , City of Malchow (Meckl.) (Ed.), Malchow: Schuboth, 1994, p. 27seq.

Coordinates: 53 ° 28 ′ 32.2 "  N , 12 ° 25 ′ 9.9"  E