Jacob Strauss

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Jacob Strauss, also Strauss (* around 1480 in Basel ; † before 1530) was a Protestant theologian and reformer .

Life

Around 1495 Strauss worked as a teacher in various places, in 1515 he studied in Freiburg im Breisgau , where he acquired the academic degree of Doctor of Theology. Around 1521 he appeared as a Protestant preacher in Berchtesgaden . Then he goes to Tyrol, where in Schwaz and Hall in Tyrol he attracts thousands through his sermon. In doing so, he combats the abuses in church practice.

He does not follow episcopal citations and the government in Innsbruck did not take action against him at first. Embassies from the Hall Council seem to have successfully prevented deportation at first. However, a letter from the Bishop of Brixen , to whose diocese Hall belonged, led the princely government to act, as it was now feared that the emperor himself might intervene in this matter. On May 4, 1522, Strauss gave his last sermon in Hall, then he moved to Bartholomäus Bernhardi in Saxony. Martin Luther recommended him to Count Georg von Wertheim, who soon dismissed him because of his stormy demeanor. Now he went to Eisenach , where he works as a writer, preacher and reformer. He abolishes mass, fights against the doctrine of purgatory and advocates marriage of priests.

At the same time he also takes up the social demands of the time, preaches against interest and usury, but goes even further and declares the commandments of the Old Testament to be binding civil laws. Chancellor Gregor Brück calls on Luther to give an opinion on Strauss's theses. Luther and Philipp Melanchthon also try to influence him personally and dissuade him from his opinions. Meanwhile, the peasants expect him to join them and are disappointed when he tried to appease them.

After the farmers were defeated, he was arrested and interrogated. Strauss did not see that he had shown the farmers how to help themselves. As a sick man he went to Upper Germany. First he stayed in Tyrol, then Margrave Philipp von Baden awarded him a canonical in Baden-Baden . There he interfered in the Last Supper dispute and wrote against Johannes Oekolampad and Ulrich Zwingli . It is not certain whether Strauss was reconciled with the Catholic Church as a result of these disputes; his last years are shrouded in darkness.

Works

  • A consolatory blank about the word Sanct Paulus, Strasbourg 1522
  • Underricht D. Jacob Straussen, waiting for the brotherhoods to be useful, Erfurt 1522
  • Haubtstuck und Artickel Christian empty against unchristian usury, Strasbourg 1523
  • A new wonderful Beychtbüchlin, Augsburg 1523
  • Eyn Sermon on the Gospel Luce on. XIX, Erfurt 1523
  • Eyn Sermon In the clearly indicated and learned is the pfaffen Ee, Erfurt 1523
  • Against the Symonian baptism and bought Crysem and oel, Strasbourg 1524
  • Against the unmilitary mistake of Maister Ulrichs Zwinglins Augsburg 1526
  • That who was leyb Christi and be holy blood, be present in the Sacrament, Augsburg 1527

literature

  • Gustav Bossert:  Jakob Strauss . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 535-538.
  • Stephen E. Buckwalter: Strauss, Jakob . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie , Volume 32, pp. 246–249
  • David Schönherr: Franz Schweyger's chronicle of the city of Hall 1303-1572 (Tyrolean historical sources 1) Innsbruck 1867, 80–82
  • Gustav Schmidt: Jakob Strauss, the first Protestant preacher in Eisenach . Eisenach 1863
  • Sebastian Ruf: Dr. Jakob Strauss and Dr. Urbanus Rhegius (Archive f. Gesch. U.A. Tirols 2, 1865, 67–81).
  • Gustav Schmidt: A church visit i. J. 1525 (Journal of Historical Theology 35, 1865, 291 ff.).
  • Gustav Schmidt: Preacher of the Reformation: Jakob Strauss (Journal for Practical Theology 1, 1879, pages 311–334; 2, pages 17–25)
  • Franz Waldner: Dr. Jakob Strauss in Hall and his sermon from the Green Thursday 1522 (magazine of the Ferdinandeum for Tirol 3, 1882, pages 3–39).
  • Reinhold Jauernig: Dr. Jakob Strauss (reports from Eisenacher Geschichtsverein 4, 1928, pages 30-48)
  • Hermann Barge : The printed writings of Jakob Strauss (Archive for Reformation History 32, 1935, pages 100–121, 248–252)
  • Hermann Barge: Jakob Strauss (Writings of the Association for Reformation History 162), Leipzig 1937
  • M. Luther: Protestantism in the courts of Thaur, Rettenberg, Freundsberg and Rottenburg in the 16th century (dissertation) Innsbruck 1951
  • Joachim Rogge: The contribution of the preacher Jakob Strauss to the early history of the Reformation , Berlin 1957
  • Gerhard Kaller:  Strauss, Jacob. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 11, Bautz, Herzberg 1996, ISBN 3-88309-064-6 , Sp. 34-37.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Heinz Moser: Forest Foundation Hall in Tirol. Documents from the years 1490-1856 (Tiroler Geschistorquellen 44) Innsbruck 2000, 41–42
  • Romedio Schmitz-Esser: About runaway nuns and charismatic preachers. The teachings of Luther and their expression in Hall in Tirol , in: Tiroler Heimatblätter 82/1 (2007) 12-18

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Strauss, Jacob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Strauss, Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Protestant theologian and reformer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1480
PLACE OF BIRTH Basel
DATE OF DEATH before 1530