Jacob Tirado

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Jacob Tirado (* around 1540 in Portugal , † 1620 in Jerusalem ) was one of the founders of the first Sephardic congregation in Amsterdam .

Life

Jacob Tirado was born Jaime Lopes da Costa into a Marran family in Portugal around 1540 . From 1598 he lived in Amsterdam, where he had returned to Judaism . Tirado was active in trade under his Christian name Da Costa , mainly with Portugal and Venice.

The Jewish service initially took place in his private house. Together with Samuel Pallache and Jakob Israel Belmonte, Tirado is considered to be the founder of the first Sephardic community ( Beth Jacob or Casa de Jacob 1608) in Amsterdam. He was named one of the first Parnassim . After 1612 he left Amsterdam for Venice . From there he moved on to Palestine . He probably spent the last years of his life in Jerusalem, where he died in 1620.

The legend

Legend has it that Tirado left Portugal in 1593 with ten other Marranos and four children. They landed with their two ships in Emden ( East Friesland ). In search of a fat goat for supper, they met the local Ashkenazi Rabbi Moses Moses Uri ha-Levi . He advised the Portuguese refugees not to settle in Emden and moved with them to Amsterdam. There the Marranos had themselves circumcised and met to pray in a private house. When the authorities heard of the arrival of the Conversos , they arrested Rabbi Halevi and his son and wanted to know who had allowed them to practice the Jewish religion in Amsterdam. They replied that this was in honor of the city and that Amsterdam would become an attraction for other wealthy Jews. Only when Tirado, who was able to speak to the authorities in Latin, was called in, did the Jews receive the settlement permit.

The legend of Jacob Tirado, like the story of Maria Nunes, is one of the founding myths of the Amsterdam Jewish community. It was first recorded in writing by the rabbi's grandson, Uri Phoebus ha-Levi , in 1711.

literature

  • Uri Phoebus ha-Levi : Narração da vinda dos judeos espanhoes a Amsterdam . Amsterdam 1711. New edition: Jacob S. da Silva Rosa, Amsterdam 1933.
  • Odette Vlessing: New Light on the Earliest History of the Amsterdam Portuguese Jews. In: Jozeph Michman (Ed.): Dutch Jewish History 3 . Jerusalem 1993, ISBN 965-222-319-0 , pp. 43-75.
  • Marc Saperstein: Exile in Amsterdam. Saul Levi Morteira's sermons on a congregation of "new Jews" . Cincinnati 2005, ISBN 0-87820-457-1 , pp. 149-154.
  • Robert Cohen: "Memoria Para Os Siglos Futuros": Myth and Memory on the Beginnings of the Amsterdam Sephardi Community. In: Jewish History. 2/1. 1987. pp. 67-72.
  • Miriam Bodian: Hebrews of the Portuguese nation. Conversos and community in early modern Amsterdam . Bloomington 1997.
  • Article:  TIRADO, JACOB . In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . 2nd Edition. Volume 19, Detroit / New York a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-0-02-865947-3 , p. 729 (English).
  • Ludwig Philippson : Jakob Tirado. Historical novel from the second half of the sixteenth century . Leipzig 1867.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Halevi probably arrived in Amsterdam in 1602. Bodian 1997.
  2. ^ Cohen, 1987.
personal data
SURNAME Tirado, Jacob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES da Costa, Jaime Lopes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Co-founder of the first Sephardic parish in Amsterdam
DATE OF BIRTH 1540
PLACE OF BIRTH Portugal
DATE OF DEATH 1620
Place of death Jerusalem