Jacobus Trigland the Elder

Jacobus Trigland the Elder

Jacobus Trigland the Elder (born July 22, 1583 in Vianen , † April 5, 1654 in Leiden ) was a Dutch Reformed theologian.

Life

Jacobus Trigland the Elder came from an old patrician family in Gouda . Cornelis Trigland, father of Jacobus Trigland d. Ä., Was born in Gouda as the son of Gualterus (Wouter) Drijeykelen (which translated into High German means something like three crowns), who taught at the local Latin school for a while. Cornelis Trigland moved to Vianen, where Jacobus was born to his mother Anna Gerards, who came from Culemborg. He received his upbringing not from his parents, but from relatives in Gouda. Here he attended the local Latin school, which was under the direction of the then rector Mag. Paulus Traudenius. He experienced his initial theological orientation in an environment that was strongly oriented towards the Roman Catholic faith and determined him for the priesthood.

So in 1597 he came to see some priests in Amsterdam who instructed him in the dogmatics of the Catholic Church. To make further progress in his further education, he moved to the University of Leuven in 1598 . Here, however, he enrolled under the name Jacob Triballenius or Triblandius from Gouda, since in 1581 the States General had ordered that no Dutch should study at universities that were subordinate to the Spanish king. Here he devoted himself to the studies of Augustine of Hippo and familiarized himself with the scholasticism of Thomas Aquinas . In dealing with Robert Bellarmin's works, he recognized contradictions in his polemics about the merit of good works. After Haarlem dispatches, he was given the opportunity to deal with the reformed doctrine. In many internal struggles, he finally broke with the Roman Catholic Church here.

As a result, he was no longer welcome by his Roman Catholic family members in Gouda and was accepted by his less strict parents, where he made a living from 1602 to 1603 as the principal of the Latin school in Vianen. Here he attended the sermons of the learned Dr. Albertus Selcartius who made him familiar with the Christian denomination of Théodore de Bèze , Johannes Calvin's Institute and Heinrich Bullinger's house book. These studies aroused in him the desire to join the Reformed Church in 1603 and to prepare himself for a pastorate. After passing his exams, he was ordained a preacher in Stolwijk in 1607 . In this task he displayed an extraordinary gift in the pulpit. He was therefore moved to Amsterdam in 1610, where he was introduced to his office on December 24th. From 1614 onwards he developed a lively activity in the field of church politics. After he was seconded to The Hague as pastor for a short time in 1617, he was sent to the Dordrecht Synod as a deputy .

He worked in the commissions that formulated the Dordrecht doctrinal rules and showed himself to be a radical representative of the Dutch Reformed Church . As a result, he got into some confrontations with the Remonstrants in Amsterdam , where he adamantly pursued strict dogmatism. In 1634 he was appointed professor of theology at the University of Leiden. For this purpose he was appointed a doctor of theology by the Senate. In his lectures he dealt with the exegesis of the Old Testament and from 1639 to 1650 he dealt with the loci communes . From 1637 to 1645 he was also a preacher in the Reformed Church in Leiden. He also participated in the organizational tasks of the Leiden University and was rector of the Alma Mater in 1643/44 and 1650/51 . As he got older, he suffered from hearing loss, had a stone condition and eventually passed away.

From his marriage to Stijntje Hendrika Stoof († 1643), which he entered into in 1604, he had eleven children. Three sons and four daughters survived the father. The sons Jacobus Trigland and Cornelius Trigland (1609–1672) also became theologians. The son Theodorus Trigland (1620–1679) was a lawyer and professor of law at the University of Harderwijk.

Act

Trigland's writings distinguish him as a controversial theologian of the reformed doctrine of the faith of his time, who spared no argument to defend the correctness of Calvinism. The convincing dogmatist and astute polemicist, had a profound knowledge of the Bible and the works of the reformers . Since he treated his opponents with respect even in the smallest of ways, he had also made many enemies who attacked him with all severity and questioned his integrity. His clearest work in this direction is Den Rechtghematichden Christisten (Amsterdam 1615). His reformed dogmatics emerged with his work Verdedigingh van de Leere end Eere de Ghereformeerde Kerken ende Leeraren, thegen verscheijden lasteringhen enz (Amsterdam 1616) and he fought against the law of the authorities in church matters with his answer op drij vraghen serving tot advys in de huydendagsche kerklijke swarigheden (1615) and his Christelijcke ende Nootwendighe verclaringhe (Amsterdam 1615).

Even after the Dortmund Synod, he did not slacken in defending his opinion against the remonstrants. His most important writing in this direction is Christlijcke ende Vriendelijcke Vermaninge aen alle af-ghedwaalde Remonstrants-Ghezinde (Amsterdam 1623). But also against representatives of the Catholic faction, Trigland let some polemical arguments follow. As a counter-demonstrator, Trigland assumed an increasingly important position over time and developed into a recognized spokesman for the Dutch Reformed Church of the time. His church history work Kerckelige Geschiedenissen , as a source for the history of the Dutch Reformed Church up to the Dortmund Synod, became his most important work for subsequent generations .

Works

• Antwoorde op drij Vraghen, serving dead advys in de huydendaegsche Kerckelijcke swarigheden. Amsterdam, 1615, MJ Brandt,
• The right-minded Christians: Ofte van de waere Moderatie, ende Verdraechsaemheydt, the dead behoudinge van de Waerheydt ende Vrede in de Gemeijnten Christi, na Godes woort onderhouden moet. Amsterdam, 1615, P. v. Ravesteyn,
• Christelijcke ende Nootwendighe verclaringhe, waerinne cortelijck ende duydelijck verclaert, what in seecker formulier van eenicheijt, uyt Gegheven onder den tydel van Resolutie van de Doorluchtige enz., Met Godes H. Woort ende met de Leere der Ghereforme van verschilt enz. Z. nv pl. en v. dr. 1615,
• Het Lof des Heeren 5e Dr. Amsterdam, 1627, MJ Brandt, Amsterdam 1634 ( online )
• Verdedigingh vande Leere end 'Eere der Ghereformeerde Kerken end Leeraren, teghen different lasteringhen, inzonderheyt Johannis Wtenbogardi in sijn boeck,' t onrecht geintituleert: Verdedigingh vande Resolutie der EM Heeren Staten van Hollant end West-Vrieslandt. Amsterdam, 1616, P. v. Ravenstein,.
• Klare Aenwijsinghe hoe Joh. Wtenbogaert hem gheensins en suyvert, nor verontschuldight van die ontrouwigheydt ende onbehoorlijcke maniere van doen, die Jacobus Triglandius, soo inde Dedicatie aen zijne Princelijcke Excelentie, als in de Vedigck medeckeck, gel hadde set to music. Amsterdam, 1616, MJ Brandt,
• The Staet vande Voornaemste Quaestiën end Gheschillen, the ten huydighen daghe ghedisputeert, tusschen de Oude Rechtghesinde, the men Contra-Remonstranten, end de Nieugesinde, the men Remonstranten noemt. Amsterdam 1617, MJBrandt,
• Responsible from the previous Staet van Questiën tegen an unbeknownst Waerschouwer, who daerteghen as teghen een Malitieus ende valsch ghesehrift, heftelijck ende bitterlijck, but zonder waerheydt, is uytghevaeren.
• Ontmoeter, bejegenende den Leydschen Voorbode. Amsterdam 1617, M. .T. Brandt,
• Oorspronck vande Swarigheden, ende Voor slagh tot reddinghe in de Kercken van Hollandt, door Eubulum Eirenephilum. Amsterdam, 1617, MJ Brandt,
• Geessel om uyt te dryven the Arminia people Quel-Geest. Amsterdam, 1618, MJ Brandt, ( online )
• Christelijcke, ende Vriendelijcke Vermaninge Aen alle af-ghedwaelde Remonstrants-Ghezinde, om neither te keeren tot de Gemeenschap ende eenigheydt met de Gereformeerde Kercken, vande welcke sij, tot dese droeve scbeuringhe, vervoert zijn. Amsterdam, 1623, MJ Brandt,
• Tweede Christelijcke ende Vriendelijcke Vermaninge Aen de afghedwaelde Remonstrants Ghezinde, om neither te keeren tot de eenigheydt ende gemeenschap met de Gereformeerde Kercken. Amsterdam, 1623, MJ Brandt,
• Korte Aen-merckinghe op het Ootmoedigh Vertooch end Versoek der .... 1623 ( Online )
• Thien Redenen van Edmund Campianus Iesuwyt, met de Wederlegginghe van den Zeer Gheleerden en wijtberoemden Guilielmns Withakerns, in sijn leven Doctor end Koninghijcke Professor of Heylighe Theologie in de vermaerde Academie te Cambrits in Engeland. Amsterdam, 1624
• Aenhanghsel, aen de Tweede Vermaninge aen de afghedwaelde Remonstrants-Ghesinde. Amsterdam, 1627
• De Kracht der Godtsaligheydt, Dat is de Emptiness der Waerheyt the nae de Godtsaligheydt is, Uyt den Woorde Gods, bevestight, end dead de ongheveynsde Practice of Godtsaligheydt. Amsterdam, 1631 in German: The power of godliness ... in Christian considerations about some strange text of H. Schrifft 1651
• Valschen Roem des Pausdoms, ofte körte ende klaere Aenwijsinghe, hoe verkeerdelijck ende bedriegelijck de Paus-Geestelijcken act as sij roemen van hare kerkelijcke successie ende sendinghe. Amsterdam, 1631, MJ Brandt,
• De Krachteloose Remonstrant, morselt door de kracht vande emptiness of waerheydt the nae de Godtsaligheydt is. Amsterdam, 1632, MJ Brandt,
• De would be responsible for religion teghen de lasteringhen ende verkeerde argueringhen of the Remonstrantsche Societeyt. Z. pl. en jr. (1633).
• Los Gebouw des Pausdoms, dat is, clear Verthooninghe, hoe dat de kerckelijcke Monarchy ende hierarchy of the Pausdoms, op een los, yes well-versed foundation built staet. 1633.
• Apologia, ofte Tegengesang; waerin de wettighe begraeffenisse van Tyter (hond van den Hooft-Officier der Stadt Leyden) met bondighe talk verdedight word, 't Amst. For Jac. Tri. 1634
• De tweede Verantwoordinghe vande Ware Religie, Tegen de lasteringhen, ende verkeerde Argueringhen, the Arminiaensche Societeyt, in een boeck bij de selve uytghegheven or den naem vande War-Religie. Amsterdam, 1634, MJ Brandt,
• Christelijck Af-Scheyt Jacobi Triglandii. Ghenomen van de Christelycke Gemeijnte dead Amsteiredam. 1634 In German: Christenlicher Abschied Jacobi Triglandii von der Christl. Common to Amstelredam. Amsterdam 1651
• Twee Oratien vande Ware-Religie. Daer van d 'eene acts vanden gront, ende de oorsaecken vande would be religion, De other Van des selfs Oeffeninge, ghedaen van Jacobus Triglandius, as hij de Professie van de Heijlighe theology inde Uni-versiteyt van Leyden aenvingh. 1634
• Kort en goet Bescheyt aen the Antwerpschen Voorbode, nopende eenighe getuygenissen the H. script van Jacobo Triglandio in het Los-Ghebouw des Pausdoms. Boodtschap voor Jan Knobbaert, Boeckverkooper dead Antwerp, in het kort te doen aen AB ons onbekeot, maer hem confesses. The front of the Pansdoms omverre gheworpen, clear looking uyt de speeches end Bewijsen van Jacobus Triglandius, vergeleken met de Antwoorden van den onbekenden AB in the sack. 1635
• Trina Dei Gratia, nimirum, electionis, santificationis, conservationis explicata, confirmata et indicata. Amstelodami apud Johannem Jansonium. 1636.
• Bodemlooze Pausdom, dat'is, klaere aenwijsingbe, hoe dat het Pausdom nerghens gront ofte vastigheydt en heeft. 1638.
• Voorreden, presented the De Voorreden van den Remonstrant catechism. 1640.
• Waerschouwinge Jacobi Triglandy, based on a Valschen title van zijne Opuscula ofte Theological works at the end of this process. 1642.
• Dissertatio Theologica de civili et ecclesiastica potestate et utriusque ad se invicem tum Subordinatione, tum Coordinatione. Amsterdam, 1642, Johannem Jansonium
• Kerckelijcke Geschiedenissen, begrijpende de swaere end of the receipt of money in the Vereenigde Nederlanden voorgevallen, with derselver beslissinge; end of aenmerckingen op de kerckelycke history of Johannes Wtenbogaert. Leyden, 1650, A. Wijngaerden
• Antapologia, sive examen atque refutatio totius Apologiae Remonstrantium. Opus posthumum. Harderwijk, 1664, P. van Houte,

Works anonymously

• Ontrouwe des Valschen Waerschouwers, die tegen een seker boecxken, ghenoemt Stant van de hedendaegsche Geschillen as tegen een malitieus end valsch gheschrift is uytgevaren. Amsterdam, 1616, MJ Brandt,
• Three Gulden Brieven from Johannes Wtenboogaert. Met aenteycken. op de kant Verklaard. Amsterdam, 1616, MJ Brandt,
• Clear end grondich Teghen-Vertoogh, van eenighe kercken-Dienaren van Hollandt, end West Vrieslandt, stelt teghen seker Vertoogh of the Remonstrants, the Ed. Mog. Heeren states of the same land in Aprili voorleden overgegeven en daerna door the printing according to. Amsterdam, 1617, MJ Brandt.

literature

• Sietse Douwes van Veen:  Trigland, Jacobus . In: Realencyklopadie for Protestant Theology and Church (RE). 3. Edition. Volume 20, Hinrichs, Leipzig 1908, pp. 107-111.
• Gerrit Pieter van Itterzon: TRIGLAND, JACOBUS . In: D. Nauta: Biografisch Lexicon voor de geschiedenis van het Nederlands Protestantisme. Uitgeveru Kok, Kampen, 1988, Vol. 3, p. 335, ISBN 90-242-4461-7
• Frederik Samuel Knipscheer: TRIGLAND (Jacobus) (1) . In: Petrus Johannes Blok , Philipp Christiaan Molhuysen (Ed.): Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek . Part 6. N. Israel, Amsterdam 1974, Sp. 1282–1284 (Dutch, knaw.nl / dbnl.org - first edition: AW Sijthoff, Leiden 1924, reprinted unchanged).
• Abraham Jacob van der Aa : Biographical Woordenboek der Nederlanden. Verlag JJ van Brederode, Haarlem, 1874, vol. 18, p. 211. ( online , Dutch)
• Barend Glasius: Biographical Woordenboek van Nederlandsche Godgeleerden. Muller Brothers, 's-Hertogenbosch 1856, Vol. 3, p. 441. ( online , Dutch)
• Johannes Coccejus : Oratio in Funere. Admodum Reverendi & Clarissimi Viri, D. Jacobi Triglandii. PMSS Theol. Doctoris & Professoris primi, & Ecclesiae Die in Hollandiae non uno nec postremi nominis loco Pastoris meritissimi, habita AD April 17th, Anno Christi 1654. In: Joh. Cocceji Orationes. Consilia Epistolae contra Judaeos, contra Equitem Polonum Aphorismi contra Socinianos & Pontificios. Vol. 8 ( online )
• Hendrik Willem ter Haar: JACOBUS TRIGLAND. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1891

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Traudenius was the rector of the Latin school in Gouda from 1573 to 1602 and died after handing over the office to his son Dirk in 1612. See also Ignatius Walvis: Beschryving der stad Gouda. Endenburg, 1713. P. 43 ( online ) and Cornelis Johan Lange van Wijngaarden, Jacobus Nicolaas Scheltema: Geschiedenis der Heeren en beschrijving der stad van der Goude. Gebroeders van Cleef, 1817 ( online )
2. ↑ CONFESSIO CHRISTIANE FIDEI. ET ETVSDEM collatio cum Papisticis Haaesibus. PER THEODORVM Bezam Vezelium. Adiecta est altera breuis eiusdem Beza; fidei Confessio. Excudebat Eustachius Geneva, 1559
3. ↑ Instrucie ofte Omderwijsinghe der christlicker religie. Van nieus ghestled in four boecken (...). Ende oock so seer avoids dat men het by na mach pay attention to the end of boeck te zyne. Topic by Jan Calvin: end of ghetrowelick and the Latijne overgheset in Duytsch. Gellius Ctematius. Emden, 1560
4. ↑ Sermonum Decades quinque, de potissimis Christianae religionis capitibus, in tres tomos digestae, autore Heinrycho Bullingero, Ecclesiae Tigurinae ministro. Froschauer, Zurich 1552
5. ^ Jacobus Trigland 2 (* around 1627; † November 3, 1665 in Amsterdam) 1646 pastor in Monster, 1648 pastor in Alkmaar, 1651 pastor in Haarlem and 1661 in Amsterdam