Jan Ernestowitsch Rudsutak
Jānis Rudzutaks ( Russian Ян Эрнестович Рудзутак ; Latvian Janis Rudzutaks ; born August 3 jul. / 15. August 1887 greg. In district Kuldiga, Kurland , Russian Empire ; † 29. July 1938 ) was a Soviet politician and victims of the Great Terror .
Life
Rudsutak was the son of a family of Latvian farm workers. From 1903 he worked in a factory in Riga . Two years later he joined the Latvian Social Democratic Party . Because of his political views, he was arrested in 1907 and sentenced to ten years of forced labor. After serving part of his sentence in Riga, he was transferred to Butyrka prison in Moscow . In the wake of the February Revolution , Rudsutak was released from prison in 1917.
Freed again, he held various positions in the communist party and in the trade unions. In December 1921, the veteran Bolshevik was appointed to the 13-member organizational office of the Russian Communist Party (see CPSU ; party name). He served from 1921 to 1924 as chairman of the Central Asian Bureau of the Communist Party. In 1923 he became one of the secretaries of the party's important central committee . 1923 to 1926 he was after the XII. Party congress initially candidate for the Politburo . From July 23, 1926 to February 4, 1932 he was a full member and from February 1934 until his arrest in May 1937 he was again a candidate of this body.
From 1924 to 1930 he was People's Commissar for Transport and at the same time also deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Council of Labor and Defense .
In 1938 Rudsutak and Kossior (Politburo member from 1930 to 1938), Tschubar (Politburo member from 1935 to 1938), Postyshev and Eiche (both candidates for the Politburo until 1938) and the majority of the members of the Central Committee (ZK) of the CPSU became part of the Stalinist party Purge shot .
In 1956, Khrushchev declared in his secret speech on the XX. Party congress : “ Comrade Rudsutak has completely revoked the confessions he had forced. ... He was not even called before the Central Committee's Politburo. ... The verdict was passed within 20 minutes and he was shot . "
In the memoirs of Anastas Mikojan it is described that Lenin had considered electing Rudsutak instead of Stalin as general secretary of the communist party. However, other sources do not confirm this.
literature
- Spuler: rulers and governments of the world ; Minister-Ploetz Vol. 4, 1964
- Merle Fainsod : How Russia is governed ; Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1965
- Michel Tatu: Power and Powerlessness in the Kremlin ; Ullstein, 1967
- Leon Trotsky: Stalin - A biography ; Pawlak-Verlag and Kiepenheuer & Witsch
Web links
- Article Jan Ernestowitsch Rudsutak in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rudsutak, Jan Ernestowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Rudzutaks, Jānis (Latvian); Рудзутак, Ян Эрнестович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Soviet politician, minister and victim of the Stalin purges |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 15, 1887 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kuldiga County, Courland , Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 29, 1938 |