Jan van der Heyden
Jan van der Heyden (born March 5, 1637 in Gorinchem , † March 28, 1712 in Amsterdam ) was a Dutch painter and inventor.
life and work
Van der Heyden was initially pupil of a glass painter, but the architectural painting later turned exclusively to and went to Amsterdam, where he painted especially views of churches, castles, palaces, public squares, streets, canals, etc., which are usually rich with staffage provided are. In addition, van der Heyden was also active as an inventor, so he developed street lighting for Amsterdam using oil street lamps, which was in operation from 1669 to 1840. After a stay in London he painted the city fire of London of 1666, which he either witnessed himself or the consequences of which he had seen. Certainly influenced by this, he made outstanding contributions to the technical and organizational development of the fire service from 1669 onwards. His greatest invention is likely to be that of the fire hose, which enabled significant improvements in extinguishing technology and tactics. But he improved u. a. also the hand pressure syringes of that time by making them smaller, more mobile and more powerful and he developed the series connection of several pumps to increase pressure in order to get greater ranges for the water jet. In 1690, together with his son, he was the author and illustrator of the Brandspuiten-boek , the first manual on fire fighting.
Johann Lingelbach , Adriaen van de Velde and Eglon van der Neer often painted the figures in his clear and friendly colored pictures. The same can be found in many public galleries. The Louvre in Paris owns a major work, the view of the Amsterdam town hall on Damplatz (from 1668) .
Van der Heyden worked in England for a while, also dealt with mechanics and published a treatise on it with his own drawings in 1690. He was a very versatile engineer and inventor and is considered the Leonardo da Vinci of the Netherlands. He developed, built or worked on polder windmills (for drainage), water wheels, heating, and flood and dike protection. He also built the beacon on the tower of IJdoorn on the Zuiderzee around 1700.
The fire department owes him the invention of the first usable water hoses, which he made from pigskin strips and tight rivets .
Selection of works
Canal in Amsterdam
Oude-Zijds-Voorburgwal in Amsterdam
Look into the forest
Corner of a library
- View of the Oude Kerk in Delft, 1675, wood, 44 × 56 cm. Oslo.
- View of a bridge, wood, 24 × 31 cm. Antwerp, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten.
- Castle ruins, wood, 39 × 24 cm. Rotterdam, Boymans-van Beuningen Museum.
- The old palace in Brussels with the zoo, wood, 51 × 64 cm. Munich.
- German city, wood, 49 × 65 cm. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum.
- Veere Church, canvas, 32 × 36 cm. The Hague, Mauritshuis
literature
- Jan van der Heyden . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 8, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 506.
- Jan van der Heijden, Fire Engines with Water Hoses and the Method of Fighting Fires (English) Lettie Stibbe-Multhauf, Science History Publications / USA 1996
- Nationaal Brandweermuseum, museum brochure, Industriehaven 8, Hellevoetsluis, 2018
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 10,000 VW engines for the fire brigade. : Journal of the Upper Austrian Fire Brigades , year 1979, p. 37 (online at ANNO ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Heyden, Jan van der |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 5, 1637 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gorinchem |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 28, 1712 |
| Place of death | Amsterdam |