Japanese head pulp
| Japanese head pulp | ||||||||||||
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Japanese head yew ( Cephalotaxus harringtonia ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cephalotaxus harringtonia | ||||||||||||
| ( Knight ex Forb. ) K. Koch |
The Japanese head yew or Japanese plum yew ( Cephalotaxus harringtonia ) is one of the eleven plant species from the genus of the head yew ( Cephalotaxus ), the only genus of the family of the head yew family (Cephalotaxaceae). In Europe this species is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens, there are also some cultivated forms. The species is named after the Earl of Harrington , who was probably the first to plant it in Europe from 1829.
description
The Japanese head pulp is a small evergreen tree or shrub that reaches heights of up to 10 meters. The gray bark peels off in thin longitudinal strips. The twigs are first green and later reddish brown. The needles are about 3 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide.
It is a dioecious, separate-sex ( diocese ) species. It flowers from March to April and the seeds begin to ripen from September of the following year. The seeds are about 2 inches long. The seeds are surrounded by a seed coat ( arillus ). The aril is light brown (nut brown), it has an oval shape and is about 3 centimeters long.
distribution
This species is native to Japan . Their area ranges from Kyushu to Hokkaidō , with a focus on Honshū .
Systematics
1839 now called nominate form was Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. Harringtonia respected plant from the English gardener Joseph Knight published in work Pinetum woburnense of the English gardener James Forbes under the name ( Basionym ) Taxus harringtonia written, and that the genus Taxus assigned. The accepted taxon Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex Forb.) K. Koch was published in 1873 by the German botanist Karl Heinrich Emil Koch in Dendrologie , Vol. 2, 2, page 102. Other synonyms for Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex Forb.) K. Koch are: Cephalotaxus drupacea Siebold & Zucc. , Cephalotaxus pedunculata Siebold & Zucc. , Cephalotaxus drupacea var. Pedunculata (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. , Cephalotaxus drupacea var. Harringtonia (Knight ex J. Forbes) Pilg. , Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. , Cephalotaxus sinensis (Rehder & EHWilson) HLLi , Cephalotaxus wilsoniana Hayata .
Depending on the author, a distinction is made between up to four varieties:
- Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. Drupacea (Siebold & Zucc.) Koidz.
- Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex Forb.) K. Koch var. Harringtonia
- Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. Koreana (Nakai) Rehder
- Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. Nana (Nakai) Rehder : It has shorter needles and smaller fruits than the type. She prefers steep locations.
Cultivated forms
- 'Fastigiata': stiffly upright, columnar growth, becomes about 2 meters high and about 60 to 90 centimeters wide. The needle leaves are bent back and spiral.
- 'Nana': A form that stays under 1 meter and has a prostrate growth; the branches on the ground can take root.
- 'Prostrata': With a cushion-shaped growth, becomes about 60 centimeters high and 1.2 meters wide.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Cephalotaxus harringtonia. In: The Gymnosperm Database. December 12, 2010, accessed October 22, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Cephalotaxus harringtonia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .
Web links
- Cephalotaxus harringtonia inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Posted by: Yang, Y., Luscombe, D & Katsuki, T., 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2013.