Johan de Haas

Johan de Haas , nickname "Jo" (born September 1, 1897 in Graft-De Rijp ( province of North Holland ), † April 10, 1945 in Assen ) was a Dutch author, antimilitarist and anarchist . De Haas also published under the pseudonym "Vengeur" (French: "Avenger").

Life

After his parents' divorce, de Haas lived mainly with his father, a traveling actor and comedian in Amsterdam . His father signed a contract with the Dutch Navy, which obliged Johan de Haas to serve in the Navy from the age of fourteen (1912 to September 1921).

In 1917, de Haas refused to serve in the navy and was sentenced to ten months in prison and released early from the navy. In Amsterdam he was a member of the Sociaal Anarchist Jeugdorganisatie (literally: "Social-Anarchist Youth Organization", SAJO), to which Anton Levien Constandse also belonged. Due to his talent as a speaker at meetings, he was also in demand as a speaker for the International Anti Militarist Association ("International Antimilitarist Association", IAMV), for which Hendrik Ebo Kasper made propaganda, and the Vrijdenkersbewegung . The IAMV was founded in 1904 with Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis as the driving force. This anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist organization also included Bart de Ligt , Jos Giesen and, temporarily as chairman, Lambertus Johannes Bot .

The Vrijdenker were against nationalism, militarism and colonialism. You stand up for democracy, the maturity of citizens and human rights. They were among the first movements in the Netherlands to take a progressive stance on birth control, homosexuality , cremation and euthanasia . This was in the interests of de Haas, who was homosexual.

At the end of 1921, together with Pieter Adrianus Kooijman , de Haas carried out a bomb attack on the apartment of Major Verspyck, a member of the war council, who was jointly responsible for the verdict against conscientious objector Herman Groenendaal. In the criminal trial that followed, De Haas was acquitted. Between 1922 and 1924 de Haas published articles in the Dutch magazines Alarm and Opstand ("uprising"). He mainly traveled through North Holland by bicycle to agitate against the existing parties, the trade unions, parliament, communism and the capitalists. He published numerous articles in De Vrije Socialist (from 1919), De wapens neder (from 1923), De Vrijdenker (from 1924), De Arbeider (1924), De Ploeger (1927) and Bevrijding (1933 to 1936). De Haas did not have a regular job and lived on the income he received from his articles, brochures and lectures sold. In the 1930s he became interested in psychology and the Bond van Anarcho-Socialisten , an organization co-founded by Clara Gertrud Wichmann , which dealt with Christian anarchism , among other things . In his publications, lectures and conversations with other anarchists, de Haas was progressive and taboo-breaking in the field of homosexuality.

From July 1941 to May 1942 de Haas was in the Schoorl internment camp and in the Amersfoort transit camp . After his release he worked for the Giro Crediet-Ring (an alternative bank) and lectured for the members of this cooperative .
On April 10, 1945, de Haas was arrested by the National Socialists and murdered by a shot in the neck two days before the liberation of the city of Assen in Asserbos ("Asserwald").

Fonts

Albert de Jong : Het revolutionaire anti-militarisme in Nederland . In: J. de Graaf et al. a. (Editor): Handboek voor de vredes scratching. De radicaal-pacifist stromingen . 's-Gravenhage 1954. pp. 202-222.
Geest versus Geweld . Uit de geestelijke nalatenschap van een diep moved mensenleven. Ingeleid en seed money by Jacques Rees. De Driehoek, 's Graveland 1948 (the first collection of texts from his estate).

literature

in order of appearance

Jacques Rees: Geweld of weerbaarheid. Speech uitgesproken by Jacques Rees te Appelschaop 1 September 1946 the occasion van de onthulling van a memorial for Jo de Haas and other comrades . Aurora, Almelo 1946.
Anton Levien Constandse : The Alarmists 1918–1933 . Amsterdam 1975.
Hans Ramaer: De Piramide the Tirannie. Anarchists in Nederland . Wetenschappelijke Uitgeverij, Amsterdam 1977.
Peter Ebbes: Jo de Haas. Uit het leven van een propagandist voor de anti-militarist, socialist en vrije thought . Reichsuniversität Groningen , Groningen 1984 (dissertation not published as a book, as a manuscript in the IISG ).
Peter Ebbes: Haas, Johan de . In: Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbewing in Nederland (BWSA), Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 43-44; Revised version of February 10, 2003: HAAS, Johan de on the IISG website (Dutch), accessed on May 31, 2017.
Aalbert Gasenbeek: 150 jaar vrijdenkersbewegung in Nederland (1856–2006) . In: Bert Gasenbeek (ed.): Denkers zonder dogma’s . Uitgeverij Papieren Tijger, Breda 2007, ISBN 978-90-73742-09-3 , pp. 1-7.

Web links

Nationaal Jo de Haas. Short biography and archive. Period 1910-1913, 1917-1946. At the IISG , Amsterdam
Police transit camp Schoorl. ( Memento from December 27, 2013 in the Internet archive ): “In the Noord-Hollandse duinen there was the first gevangenkamp dat de Duitse bezetter in gebruik nam. Onder hen bevonden zich de eerste gijzelaars the op Nederlands grondgebied are vastgehouden en de groep Amsterdamse joden die bij de razzia op het Jonas Daniël Meyerplein were opgepakt. "
Anarchism in Nederland. (Dutch)

Individual evidence

↑ Peter Ebbes: HAAS, Johan de . In: Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbewing in Nederland (BWSA), Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 43-44; Revised version of February 10, 2003: HAAS, Johan de on the IISG website.
↑ See on this: Albert de Jong: Het revolutionaire anti-militarisme in Nederland . Pp. 202-222.
↑ Author: Herman Noordegraaf . With photos, including via the IAMV (Dutch), accessed on May 24, 2012.
↑ Aalbert Gasenbeek: 150 jaar vrijdenkersbewegung in Nederland (1856–2006) . In: Bert Gasenbeek (ed.): Denkers zonder dogma’s . Uitgeverij Papieren Tijger, Breda 2007, pp. 1-7.
↑ Archief PA Kooijman on the IISG website (Dutch), accessed May 24, 2012.
↑ De Nederlandse archieven van het IISG. Tweede aanvulling: archieven verworven in 1985 . In: Tijdschrift voor sociale geschiedenis , Vol. 12 (1986), pp. 393-400, here p. 398.
↑ See the magazine De Arbeider of July 18, 1936. Article: "Levenslessen (homosexualiteit)."

personal data
SURNAME	Haas, Johan de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Dutch author, anti-militarist and anarchist
DATE OF BIRTH	September 1, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH	Graft-De Rijp (North Holland)
DATE OF DEATH	April 10, 1945
Place of death	Aces

[1] Peter Ebbes: HAAS, Johan de . In: Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbewing in Nederland (BWSA), Vol. 1, 1986, pp. 43-44; Revised version of February 10, 2003: HAAS, Johan de on the IISG website.

[2] See on this: Albert de Jong: Het revolutionaire anti-militarisme in Nederland . Pp. 202-222.

[3] Author: Herman Noordegraaf . With photos, including via the IAMV (Dutch), accessed on May 24, 2012.

[4] Aalbert Gasenbeek: 150 jaar vrijdenkersbewegung in Nederland (1856–2006) . In: Bert Gasenbeek (ed.): Denkers zonder dogma’s . Uitgeverij Papieren Tijger, Breda 2007, pp. 1-7.

[5] Archief PA Kooijman on the IISG website (Dutch), accessed May 24, 2012.

[6] De Nederlandse archieven van het IISG. Tweede aanvulling: archieven verworven in 1985 . In: Tijdschrift voor sociale geschiedenis , Vol. 12 (1986), pp. 393-400, here p. 398.

[7] See the magazine De Arbeider of July 18, 1936. Article: "Levenslessen (homosexualiteit)."