Johannes Brassart

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Johannes Brassart (* around 1405 probably in Lowaige near Tongeren ( Limburg province ); † autumn 1455 ) was a Franco-Flemish composer .

Live and act

Johannes Brassart is mentioned several times as a singer in the account books of the collegiate church of St. Jean l'Évangéliste in Liège from 1422 onwards . He got in 1424 as succentor (leading singer of the community) a scholarship to Rome, where he worked as singer of the Papal Chapel under Pope Martin V (term of office 1417–1431) until 1426 and then returned to Liège. Two years later he also served at St. Lambert's Cathedral in the same city. He then went back to Rome and perhaps still served at the end of Pope Martin's time, but no later than April 24, 1431 under Pope Eugene IV (term of office 1431–1447) in his Papal Chapel. However, his name was missing in the list of singers as early as November 1431, and a year later he can be traced back to Liège. He was a member of the chapel there for two years during the Council of Basel . This is where his ten-year connection with the court of the House of Habsburg began . A document dated December 1434, in which he requested further granting of the benefits promised by the council despite his absence, shows him for the first time as a member of the court orchestra of Emperor Sigismund (reign 1410–1437), which had its seat in Wiener Neustadt and Graz . In a similar request from 1437, in which Brassart was presumably staying in Prague for the coronation of Empress Barbara , he is called "rector capelle".

He remained in the court orchestra even after the emperor's death, ie under the successors Albrecht II (1438–1439) and Friedrich III. (Reign 1440-1493); however, there is evidence that he still maintained ties to his homeland. The Liège city chronicler Jean de Stavelot mentions Brassart's presence for July 29, 1439. In 1442 he was appointed canon in Tongeren and only a few months later received an absence permit. Two years later Brassart was appointed singer at the Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame in the same city and worked there until June 1451. It is possible that he was from there to the Imperial Chapel of Frederick III. returned, but was certainly in Rome one more time when Frederick was crowned emperor there in 1452. On October 22nd, 1455, a certain Arnold Picker submitted a petition about the Liège beneficiary succession; this event points to the previous death of the composer ("in capellam imperatoris cantor et rector ac cantor Eugenii pape IV"). His place of death is not recorded.

meaning

Brassart's oeuvre comprises exclusively church music (secular compositions are not known). Franchinus Gaffurius (1451-1522) mentions Brassart in his tract Practica musicae ( Milan 1496), which deals with the treatment of dissonance , together with John Dunstable , Gilles Binchois and his colleague in the Papal Chapel Guillaume Dufay . Brassart's compositions also show numerous points of contact with the works of his compatriots Johannes de Limburgia , Arnold de Lantins and Johannes de Sarto . Together with all of these, he belongs to the first generation of Franco-Flemish composers.

Works

The greater part of Brassart's works is preserved in two manuscript collections, the so-called Aosta manuscript and the Trient Codices ; both have close biographical references to the composer. Complete edition: Johannes Brassart, Opera Omnia , edited by Keith E. Mixter, 2 volumes, without location, 1965 and 1971 ( Corpus Mensurabilis Musicae No. 35).

  • Movements of Masses (all three-part)
  • Introits (all three-part)
    • Cibavit eos
    • De ventre matris mee
    • Dilexisti justiciam
    • Gaudeamus omnes
    • Nos autem
    • Salve sancta Parens
    • Sapienciam sanctorum
    • Spiritus Domini replevit
  • Motets
    • Ave Maria / O Maria to four voices, isorhythmic
    • Cristi nutu sublimato to four votes
    • Fortis com quevis actio to four votes
    • Gratulemur Cristicole to three votes
    • Magne decus potencie / Genus regale esperie for four voices, isorhythmic
    • O flos fragrans to three votes
    • O rex Fridrice for four voices, isorhythmic, from 1440 or 1442
    • Regina celi (with the trope Alle, Domine ) to three voices
    • Sacris solemniis to three votes
    • Sumus secretarius to four votes
    • Te dignitas presularis to three voices
  • song
    • Crist has risen to three votes
  • Works for which Brassart's authorship is questioned
    • Kyrie to three votes (by J. Braxatoris?)
    • Sentence pair Gloria / Credo with three voices (edited by P. Wright 1994)
    • Motet Lamberte vir inclite for four voices (anonymous)
    • Motet Romanorum rex , isorhythmic, for four voices (1439)

Literature (selection)

  • Antoine Auda: Musique et musiciens de l'ancien pays de Liège (Liège 1930)
  • H. Osthoff: The Dutch and the German Song (1400−1460) (Bern 1938, reprint Tutzing 1967)
  • Ch. Van den Borren: Études sur le XV e siècle musical (Antwerp 1941)
  • G. de Van: A Recently Discovered Source of Early XVth Century Polyphonic Music. In: Musica Disciplina 2 (1948), pp. 5-74
  • WH Rubsamen: Music Research in Italian Libretto. In: Notes 6 (Washington 1948-49)
  • Ch. Van den Borren: Geschiedenis van de muziek in de Nederlanden 1 (Amsterdam - Antwerp 1949)
  • Suzanne Clercx: Johannes Brassart et le début de sa carrière. In: Revue Belge de Musicologie No. 7 (1952), pages 283-285
  • H. Federhofer: The Dutch at the Habsburg courts in Austria. In: Communications from the Commission for Music Research No. 6 (Vienna 1956), pages 102–120
  • M. Tegen: Basel Konciliet och Kyrkomusiken omkr. 1440. In: Svens tidskrift för musikforskning 39 (1957), pages 126-131
  • Keith E. Mixter: Johannes Brassart and His Works (2 volumes, 1961) (dissertation at the University of North Carolina)
  • The same: Johannes Brassart: A Biographical and Bibliographical Study , Part 1: The Biography in: Musica Disciplina 18 (1964), pages 37-62 and Part 2: The Music In: Same, No. 19 (1965), pages 99-108
  • Same: Isorhythmic Design in the Motets of Johannes Brassart. In: Studies in Musicology, Gedenkschrift G. Haydon, edited by JW Pruett (Chapel Hill 1969)
  • J. Quitin: Notes on Johannes Brassart de Lude (approx. 1400 - après 1444). In: Bulletin de la Société liégoise de musicologie 9 (1974), pages 7-10
  • F. Dangel-Hofmann: The polyphonic introit in sources from the 15th century (Tutzing 1975, Würzburg music-historical contributions 3)
  • MW Cobin: The Aosta Manuscript: A Central Source of Early-Fifteenth-Century Sacred Polyphony , Dissertation at New York University 1978 (University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor / Michigan, No. 7 824 204)
  • Keith E. Mixter: Tenores ad longum in the Manuscript Bologna Q15. In: Congress Report Berlin 1974 (Kassel 1980), pages 263–264
  • Reinhard Strohm: Native and Foreign Polyphony in Late Medieval Austria. In: Musica disciplina 38 (1984), pp. 205-230
  • S. Meyer-Eller: Johannes Brassart and his connection with Johannes de Ragusa. In: Die Musikforschung 39 (1986), pages 148-152
  • L. Finscher (editor): The music of the 15th and 16th centuries , 2 volumes (Laaber 1989), Volume 2, Chapter IV (New Handbook of Musicology 3)
  • E. Schreurs: La Vie musicale à la collégiale de Notre-Dame à Tongres à l'époque de Johannes Brassart dans la perspective de l'histoire musicale de l'Europe occidentale. In: Bulletin de la Société de liégoise de musicologie 78 (1992), pp. 1-20
  • Peter Wright: Johannes Brassart and Johannes de Sarto. In: Plainsong and Medieval Music 1/1 (1992), pages 41-61
  • Same: A New Attribution to Brassart? In: Plainsong and Medieval Music 3/1 (1994), pages 23-43
  • JM Allsen in: Medieval France: An Encyclopedia , edited by WW Kibler and G. Zinn (New York 1995, Garland Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages 2)

Web links

swell

  1. ↑ The Music in Past and Present (MGG), Person Part Volume 3, Bärenreiter Verlag Kassel and Basel 2000, ISBN 3-7618-1112-8
  2. ↑ Marc Honegger, Günther Massenkeil (ed.): The great lexicon of music. Volume 1: A - Byzantine chant. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1978, ISBN 3-451-18051-0 .
personal data
SURNAME Brassart, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brassard, Jean; Brassardus, Johannes; Brassart, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Franco-Flemish composer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1405
PLACE OF BIRTH Lowaige near Tongeren ( Limburg Province )
DATE OF DEATH 1455