Jordanita chloros
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| ( Huebner , 1813) |
Jordanita chloros is a butterfly fromthe ram family (Zygaenidae). The kind of epithet χλωρός comes from the Greek and means "light green".
features
The moths reach a forewing length of 7.8 to 12.8 millimeters in the males and 7.6 to 11.5 millimeters in the females. The species is extremely variable. The head, thorax and the proximal part of the legs shimmer blue. The blue varies from a bright light blue to a greenish blue to a bluish tinted green shimmer. The abdomen is blackish gray and shiny or dull. The forehead ( frons ) is almost twice as wide as the compound eyes . The antennae are black and sometimes shimmer blue, especially at the base. The antenna shaft is slender at the base, it thickens distally and is depressed dorsolaterally. The comb is long, distally shorter, but still well developed. The antennae have a pointed end and consist of 35 to 41 segments. The upper side of the forewing shimmers green, brown-green, bronze-green or greenish-brown and is often blue at the base. The hind wing is blackish gray and slightly translucent . The undersides of the wings are dark gray.
The vinculum has a long, severely sclerotized and distally rounded saccus plate. The aedeagus is wider at the base than at the top. It is about six times longer than it is wide and has a spiked area dorsolaterally on the everted bladder. A small area of tiny triangular needles is located distally. The 8th abdominal sternite is triangular or trapezoidal and reaches the posterior edge of the segment.
In females, the ostium is circular and surrounded by a characteristic ring-like bulge that is clearly visible when the scales at the end of the abdomen are brushed off. The antrum is thickened at the base and more sclerotized proximally . It is heavily grooved, narrower distally and translucent. The ductus bursae is slender, translucent, and severely kinked and tortuous. The corpus bursae is spherical to egg-shaped, the inside is completely covered with strong and clearly visible triangular needles.
The egg is light greenish yellow.
The caterpillar has a black head, the prothoracic segment is blackish brown and has a white side back line. The body of the caterpillar is ocher and a little lighter on the belly. The sides are purple-brown, the back line is brown. The warts are also purple-brown in Austrian, Italian, and French populations. In specimens from the Crimean Peninsula, the warts are yellow dorsally, pink laterally and gray ventrally.
The pupa is brown and turns black-green before the butterfly hatches. The cocoon is whitish and covered with litter.
Variability and subspecies
There is considerable variability within the species, with the result that some subspecies have been described.
In the subspecies Jordanita chloros chloros (Hübner, 1830), the thorax and occasionally the base of the fore wing shimmer blue. The forewings shimmer green.
In the subspecies Jordanita chloros hades ( Alberti , 1970), the upper surface of the forewings shimmers brownish-green, bronze-green or green-brown. The thorax sometimes has a faint blue sheen.
In the subspecies J. c. huegeri ( Alberti , 1973) the upper side of the forewing has a very strong greenish- brown sheen.
The populations native to the south and center of Turkey are very different from the nominate subspecies. Populations from central Turkey are very small, have narrow wings and are very light green in color. The thorax lacks the bluish shimmer almost completely and the hind wings are more translucent. Populations from eastern Turkey are larger than those from central Turkey and similarly colored. They have stronger black antennae and the thorax has a slightly more bluish shimmer. The differences in habitus and genital morphology between Jordanita chloronata and J. chloros are just as great as between the populations of J. chloros in central and eastern Turkey and the nominate subspecies. It is therefore possible that the first-mentioned species is only a subspecies of J. chloros native to southern Turkey . To clarify this, however, further investigations are necessary.
distribution
The distribution area of Jordanita chloros extends from the south of France , Italy and the south-east of Switzerland across south, central and eastern Europe to the Caucasus , Turkey , the north of Syria and the north of Iraq , as well as to the east of Kazakhstan and to the south Siberia . Dry, hilly grasslands and steppe biotopes are settled .
The nominate subspecies J. c. chloros is native to Europe with the exception of the Balkan Peninsula . J. c. hades occurs in Macedonia , Bulgaria and Greece . J. c. haegeri settles in the Caucasus .
biology
The females lay the eggs individually or in short rows so that the eggs do not touch each other. The caterpillars of the subspecies J. c. chloros develop on panicle knapweed ( Centaurea paniculata ) in southeast France, on panicle knapweed ( Centaurea stoebe ) in Germany and on Centaurea maculosa in southeastern Switzerland and northern Italy . In Austria and Hungary the caterpillars live on the scabiosa knapweed ( Centaurea scabiosa ), on the meadow knapweed ( Centaurea jacea ) and on the red knapweed ( Centaurea triumfettii ). In the Ukraine , the caterpillars have been observed on various ring thistle species such as Carduus uncinutus , Carduus arabicus , Carduus salonitana and Jurinea sordida . The subspecies J. c. hades lives in Greece on Staehelenia uniflosculosa . The caterpillars pupate in a whitish cocoon on the ground. Compared to other Jordanita species, J. chloros flies very late in the year. The flight time starts in mid-June (Greece, south-west Turkey, Crimea ) and extends into August (south-east Switzerland, northern Italy, Austria ).
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe. Volume 2, E. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1910, p. 167.
- ↑ a b c d C. M. Naumann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3 , pp. 135 (English).
literature
- CM Naumann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3 (English).
Web links
- Jordanita chloros at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved April 9, 2011
- Lepiforum e. V. Photos