Joseph Furttenbach

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Joseph Furttenbach, 1652
Frontispiece of the Architectura navalis by J. Furttenbach, printed in 1629

Joseph Furttenbach (born December 30, 1591 in Leutkirch ; † January 17, 1667 in Ulm ), also Joseph Furttenbach the Elder. Ä. to distinguish it from his son of the same name, was a German architect, mathematician, mechanic and chronicler.

Life

Born as the 20th child of a forester and councilor, Furttenbach spent twelve years (1607 / 08-1620) in Italy (especially in Milan , Genoa and Florence ) after finishing school , where he trained as a businessman with his relatives. In Italy he also dealt extensively with architecture, garden art, but also theater and stage technology, fortress construction and gunsmithing and pyrotechnics . Among other things, he came into contact with Galileo Galilei , from whom he received the model of an endless screw. In 1620 Furttenbach returned to Leutkirch and lived in Ulm from 1621, where he worked in the management of a trading company. In 1623 he married Katharina Strauss. In 1627 his travelogue Newes Itinerarium Italiae was published, one of the most widely read travel guides in Germany in the 17th century.

Detail of a painting by J. Furttenbach: Fireworks, which Mr. Johann Kouhn, August 26th, anno 1644 in his garden uff dem word, let go (1645)

From 1631 on, Furttenbach was responsible for the maintenance of city fortifications and public buildings as the administrative manager of the Ulm Building Authority, and from 1636 (at the latest) also a councilor. In Ulm a. a. a hospital, a theater based on the Italian model (including a predecessor of today's Ulm Theater ), fortifications, gardens and a fountain, but also provided plans outside of the building, for example for churches in Augsburg (1652/53 Evangelical Holy Cross Church , as a transverse church built contrary to Furttenbach's longitudinal church plan) and Schorndorf ( Evangelical town church Schorndorf , 1642–1660 new building of the nave and conversion of the originally three-aisled hall church into a preaching hall / transverse church) and various school buildings. However, only a small part of his numerous ideal designs for buildings and gardens was realized. Furttenbach was one of the most important Ulm personalities of his time, whose reputation also radiated far beyond. His house in Ulm (Sterngasse 1, destroyed in World War II), built around 1640, and the associated garden with grottos and fountains, was a sight of the city that was visited by numerous travelers. His Kunstkammer contained an extensive collection of engravings and drawings of famous buildings as well as models of technical equipment and stage apparatus.

In his writings, Furttenbach tried to represent the entire architectural and technical knowledge of his time. These include

  • Architectura civilis (1628) - four tracts; contains in the first tract the first Protestant attempt to give recommendations for the building of churches. His son of the same name Joseph Furttenbach the Younger (1632–1655) - some really excellent specialist literature does not recognize the difference between Furttenbach the Elder and the Younger - built on this in his book Kirchengebäw, Augsburg 1649 : He described - as a 17-year-old! - the ideal of a rectangular preaching church facing east with ground floor pews, small west gallery, axial arrangement of baptismal font, altar, pulpit and organ above, with functional building parts such as tower, heated sacristy, library and kitchen, names ideal dimensions in length, width and height , but without any architectural information, for example to overcome the large span of the roof structure. In addition: "Renaissance forms are thrown together with Gothic windows and baroque frieze decorations. The design of the plinths or the distribution of windows in the gable area, for example, do not show any great sensitivity for proportions (... Furttenbach the Younger) only provided a gallery directly above the narrow-sided entrance. This leaves an essential element of Protestant church building almost neglected. " A church of this kind, probably intended as an emergency aid program for reconstruction in the devastated Protestant countries, does not seem to have become a pioneering ideal and has nowhere been implemented.
  • Architectura navalis (1629),
  • Architectura universalis (1635),
  • Architectura recreationis (1640),
  • Architectura privata (1641)
  • and the Mannhaffte Kunstspiegel (1663).
  • Another important contemporary document is a chronicle kept since 1620 and his diary (“Lebenslauff”, 1652–1664).

A street in the west of Ulm is dedicated to the memory of Furttenbach.

Works

  • Joseph Furttenbach: Newes Itinerarium Italiae . Ulm 1627. (Reprograph. Reprint of the Ulm 1627 edition, Hildesheim 1971)
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Architectura civilis: that is: Actual description of how to get the best form and fair rules for the first time: Palläst ..., then common dwellings, on the other hand: churches, chapels, altars, Gothic houses, thirdly: hospitals, military hospitals and Gotsäcker should carry out and erbawen ; Ulm 1628
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Architectura navalis. That can be used from the shipbuilding, on the sea and sea coasts ... Ulm 1629 digitized
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Architectura martialis. The detailed consideration of the building belonging to the gun and weapons . Ulm 1630. Fully digitized on ECHO Berlin
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Architectura universalis. That is of war and water buildings, first of all, how one should build the statthor and the inlet, ... erbawen ..., ... on the other hand, how the schools in the town hall ... are to be made, thirdly, in what form on the flowing waters, ... the ship ... For the fourth a Pulfferthurn as well as an armory ... zuerbawen ... Out of my own experience and many years of observation ... and prepared and delineated with 60 pieces of copper . Ulm 1635. Fully digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library (the preparatory manuscript (3 vol.) Is kept in the Ulm City Archives)
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Architectura Privata That is: Thorough description, in addition to conterfetischer imagination, inn what form and manner, even an irregular, civil living house: However, with its very good commodities erbawet, darbey an armor: and art chamber Auffgericht. Likewise with garden, flowers: water: provided next to a grotto, and so it has already been brought to a good end; Darbey ... to learn in what form, the Berlemuttere sea snails, next to the same mussels, as well as the coral tins, and the best cement to prepare the caves ... Augsburg; [Ulm] 1641. Fully digitized version of the SLUB Dresden (there also description of its own art chamber in Ulm)
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Architectura recreationis, that is of all kinds of useful and enjoyable civil buildings ...; Everything from my own vil-year-old practice, and Experienza picked up and brought together, here . Augsburg 1640.
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Mannhaffter Kunst-Spiegel or Continuatio, and continuation of all kinds of mathematical and mechanical-highly useful as well as very pleasant delectations, and in each case free arts experimented in the Werck itself . Augsburg 1663. Digitized and full text in the German text archive ; Fully digitized on ECHO Berlin
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Lebenslauff 1652–1664 , edited by Kaspar von Greyerz, Kim Siebenhüner and Roberto Zaugg, Böhlau, Cologne 2013.
  • Joseph Furttenbach: Joseph Furttenbach's deß Jüngern see [lig] approved and also vil jar experimented kupffer eraser art , Ulm 1659, ed. v. Constanze Keilholz u. Hole Rößler, Heidelberg 2020. ( digitized version )

Buildings

literature

Article base:

Further:

  • Adolph Doebber : Joseph Furttenbach the Elder as a theater and school building master . In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung 37, 1917, pp. 57-60 ( digitized version ).
  • Margot Berthold: Joseph Furttenbach 1591–1667. Architectural theorist and master builder in Ulm. A contribution to the history of theater and art . Dissertation mach. schr. Munich 1951.
  • Margot Berthold: Josef Furttenbach von Leutkirch, architect and councilor in Ulm (1591–1667) . In: Ulm and Upper Swabia. Journal for history and art - communications from the association for art and antiquity in Ulm and Oberschwaben , 33, 1953, pp. 119–179.
  • Margot Berthold: World history of the theater . Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 1968
  • Gunther Volz: Joseph Furttenbach's Theater in Ulm . In: Lenz Prütting: For example Ulm. City theater as a culture-political way of life . Süddeutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, Ulm 1991, ISBN 3-88294-161-8
  • Jan Lazardzig: Theater machine and fortress construction. Paradoxes of Knowledge Production in the 17th Century . Berlin 2007 (here especially chapter 2, pp. 87–142).
  • Senta Dietzel: Furttenbach's garden designs . Frommann & Sohn, Nuremberg 1928.
  • Ulrich Schütte: "Architectura alla Moderna" and the "Teutsche Manner". Rubens' “Palazzi di Genova” and the reorientation of German architecture by Joseph Furttenbach the Elder. Ä. (1591-1667) . In: Piet Lombaerde (Ed.): The reception of PP Rubens's "Palazzi di Genova" during the 17th century in Europe: questions and problems . Turnhout (Belgique) 2002, pp. 143-160.
  • Simon Paulus: The Engineer's Gaze. Some remarks on spatial and technological perception and presentation in the Codex iconographicus 401 (The “Furttenbach Manuscript”) , in: Technologies of Theater. ed. v. Jan Lazardzig and Hole Rößler, Frankfurt / Main 2016, pp. 439–454.
  • Joseph Furttenbach, biographyf 1652-1664 , edited by Kaspar von Greyerz, Kim Siebenhüner and Roberto Zaugg. Böhlau, Cologne 2013.

Unprinted sources

  • 12 volumes of manuscripts in the Ulm city archive, signature H Furttenbach (chronicle in three volumes, 1620–1666; autobiographical notes, 1 volume, 1652–1664; 3 volumes. Architectural writings with drawings and descriptions of private and public buildings and fortifications in the city, 1632–1635, mainly material for the architectura universalis, which appeared in print in 1635; activity report listing the buildings erected and construction work carried out during his term of office, 1631–1666; inventory of his art cabinet, 1666)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see Wikisource [1]
  2. ↑ for example: Harold Hammer-Schenk: Art. Kirchenbau III ; in: Gerhard Müller (ed.): Theologische Realenzyklopädie (TRE). Volume 18, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989, ISBN 3-11-017388-3 , pp. 456–498 [461.463] as well as: Andreas Stiene: The Stettener Querkirche - An early example of its building type ; in: Andreas Stiene, Karl Wilhelm: Old stones - new life. History and stories of the Evangelical village church in Stetten im Remstal ; Stetten im Remstal 1998, p. 71 Note 14
  3. ↑ available as PDF: ETH Library Zurich, Rar 113 q [2]
  4. ^ Siegwart Rupp: About Protestant Church Building in Württemberg ; in: Schwäbische Heimat, issue 2/1974, Stuttgart 1974, page 128 f
  5. ↑ Available as PDF: ETH Library Zurich, Rar 113 q, [3]

Web links

Commons : Joseph Furttenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Joseph Furttenbach  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Furttenbach, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Furttenbach d. Ä., Joseph; Furtenbach, Joseph von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect, mathematician, mechanic and chronicler
DATE OF BIRTH December 30, 1591
PLACE OF BIRTH Leutkirch
DATE OF DEATH January 17, 1667
Place of death Ulm