Joseph Klausner

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Joseph Klausner, around 1912

Joseph Gedalja Klausner ( Hebrew יוסף גדליה קלוזנר; born August 20, 1874 in Olkeniki , Lithuania , Russian Empire ; died October 27, 1958 in Jerusalem ) was a Russian-Israeli literary scholar , historian and religious scholar .

life and work

Joseph Klausner, 1910

Joseph Klausner grew up in a village southwest of Wilna . In 1885 his family moved to Odessa . He attended a yeshiva there, as well as the Jewish Higher Education Institute (Высшее Еврейское Учебное Заведение). There Klausner joined the movement for the revival of the Hebrew language. From 1897 to 1902 he studied philosophy and Semitic languages and history (with Erich Marcks ) at the University of Heidelberg , where he met with a dissertation on , critically examined the Messianic expectations of the Jewish people in the age of Tannaim and displayed as part of the contemporary history of Dr. phil. received his doctorate. Then he went to Warsaw. From 1903 he published the Hebrew monthly Ha-Shiloach , founded by Achad Ha'am in 1896 . In Warsaw and after his return to Odessa, he taught Hebrew, Hebrew literature and Jewish history, especially in evening classes.

Klausner was a staunch Zionist who had met Theodor Herzl personally and had taken part in the First Zionist Congress . In 1912 he visited Palestine for the first time . In 1919 he emigrated there and was appointed to the chair of Hebrew literature at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and later also that of research into the history of the Second Temple period. He published a. a. to the Haskala and to Ha-Meassef (Hebrew "the collector"), the first secular journal in Hebrew, which was published in Königsberg since 1783 . His private library contained 25,000 volumes.

His house in Talpiot and his library were largely destroyed in the Arab uprisings in 1929. The street in which his house was located was renamed Klausner-Straße in his honor. This is what his great-nephew Amos Oz wrote in his autobiographical novel A Story of Love and Darkness , in which three chapters (9–11) are dedicated to "Uncle Joseph". According to Amos Oz, there was a tense relationship with his neighbor, the eminent Hebrew writer Samuel Josef Agnon .

In 1948 he was the Conservative candidate for the election of Israeli President , in which he was defeated by Chaim Weizmann .

Joseph Klausner was not an Orthodox Jew , but rather a National Liberal Zionist, but had a thorough knowledge of the Talmud and all of Hebrew literature . He became famous for his book Jesus of Nazareth and the sequel From Jesus to Paul . His position that Jesus was a Jewish reformer who died a staunch Jew was attacked - sometimes sharply - by the Christian and Jewish sides.

Honors

Fonts

In German

  • The messianic ideas of the Jewish people in the age of the Tannaites are critically examined and presented in the context of contemporary history. M. Poppelauer publishing house, Berlin 1904.

In German translation

  • History of the New Hebrew Literature. German edited by Hans Kohn . Jewish publishing house, Berlin 1921.
  • Jesus of Nazareth: His time, his life and his teaching. Translated from the Hebrew by Walter Fischel. Jüdischer Verlag, Berlin 1930 (Hebrew title: Jeschua hanozri).

In English translation

  • Menahem Ussishkin . His Life and Work. Published by the Joint Zionist Publication Committee, London n.d. (1944).

literature

  • John F. Oppenheimer (Red.): Lexicon of Judaism. 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2 , Sp. 383-384.

Web links

Commons : Joseph Gedalja Klausner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Salomon Wininger : Large Jewish National Biography , Vol. 3: Harischon - Lazarus . Orient, Cernăuţi 1928, p. 457.
  2. ^ Arndt Engelhardt: Arsenale of Jewish knowledge. On the genesis of the Encyclopaedia Judaica . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-525-36994-4 , p. 73.
  3. ↑ Amos Oz: A Story of Love and Darkness . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-518-45788-8 , p. 84.
  4. ^ Members of the American Academy. Listed by election year, 1900-1949 ( PDF ). Retrieved October 11, 2015.
  5. ↑ פרץ ברנשטיין, פרופ 'יוסף קלוזנר , accessed June 9, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Klausner, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Klausner, Joseph Gedalja
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Israeli literary scholar, historian and religious scholar
DATE OF BIRTH August 20, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Olkeniki (Lithuania)
DATE OF DEATH October 27, 1958
Place of death Jerusalem