Joseph J. Kinyoun

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Joseph J. Kinyoun

Joseph James Kinyoun (born November 25, 1860 in East Bend , North Carolina , † February 14, 1919 in Washington, DC ) was an American medic and in 1887 the founder and first director of the US Hygienic Laboratory in the Marine Hospital on Staten Island , the forerunner the National Institutes of Health .

Kinyoun's father was a doctor and grew up in Johnson County, Missouri . He studied at St. Louis Medical College and Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City (later part of New York University ), where he received his doctorate (MD) in 1882. He then studied bacteriology and pathology at the Carnegie Laboratory and with Robert Koch in Berlin. In 1896 he received his Ph. D. from Georgetown University . He then worked at the State Marine Hospital on Staten Island as Assistant Surgeon, where he founded the Hygiene Laboratory in 1887 (which essentially consisted of himself and his Zeiss microscope). The marine hospital served, among other things, as a quarantine station for sea travelers and seamen who entered the New York harbor. In 1891 the laboratory was relocated to Washington, DC, where Kinyoun followed. In 1899 he became director of the San Francisco Marine Hospital . When a bubonic plague epidemic broke out in Chinatown , San Francisco in March 1900 , California Governor Henry Gage tried to suppress this fact for two years. Kinyoun did not want to participate and in 1901 said goodbye. He was accused of exaggeration and sensationalism, but was later confirmed. The epidemic ended in 1904 after Gage was voted out of governor in 1902 and his successor, George Pardee, took vigorous action. However, the plague broke out again in 1907 and 1908 during the build-up phase after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. As a result, a lot of money was invested in the control of rats (but the Californian ground squirrel also proved to be a vector).

He was later a professor of bacteriology and pathology at George Washington University and a bacteriologist for the Washington, DC Department of Health

In 1909 he was president of the American Society for Microbiology . He is still known today for the Kinyoun coloring . During his time at the Marine Hospital in New York, he isolated the organism of the cholera pathogen .

The Kinyoun Francis sterilizer, which could be used for disinfection on board ships, also comes from him.

He had been married since 1883 and had several children.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ DM Morens, AS Fauci: The Forgotten Forefather: Joseph James Kinyoun and the Founding of the National Institutes of Health. In: mBio. 3, 2012, p. E00139-12, doi : 10.1128 / mBio.00139-12 .
  2. ^ A Short History of the National Institutes of Health. In: history.nih.gov. Retrieved October 9, 2016 .
  3. ↑ THE PLAGUE IN SAN FRANCISCO. In: Science. Volume 13, Number 333, May 1901, pp. 761-765, doi : 10.1126 / science.13.333.761 , PMID 17752183 .
  4. ↑ JJ Kinyoun: A MODIFICATION OF PONDER'S STAIN FOR DIPHTHERIA. In: American Journal of Public Health (New York, NY: 1912). Volume 5, Number 3, March 1915, pp. 246-247, PMID 18009203 , PMC 1286559 (free full text).
  5. ^ DM Morens, AS Fauci: The Forgotten Forefather: Joseph James Kinyoun and the Founding of the National Institutes of Health. In: mBio. 3, 2012, p. E00139-12, doi : 10.1128 / mBio.00139-12 .
personal data
SURNAME Kinyoun, Joseph J.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kinyoun, Joseph James
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American medic
DATE OF BIRTH November 25, 1860
PLACE OF BIRTH East Bend , North Carolina
DATE OF DEATH February 14, 1919
Place of death Washington, DC