Juan Sebastian Elcano
Juan Sebastian Elcano (including Juan Sebastian Del Cano or Juan Sebastian de Elcano ) (* 1486 / 1487 in Getaria ( Gipuzkoa ); † 4. August 1526 ) was a Spanish explorer Basque origin. With his team he was the first person to sail around the world by completing the journey begun by Ferdinand Magellan .
Life
Juan Sebastián Elcano was born to Domingo Sebastián Elcano and Catalina del Puertodiente. He had three brothers: Domingo, Martín Pérez and Antón Martín. In 1509 he took part in the campaign against Oran under the command of Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros . He later moved to Seville and became the captain of a merchant ship . However, when he sold his ship to Genoese bankers to repay debts , he violated Spanish law. In order to be pardoned by his king , he committed himself as an officer in Ferdinand de Magellan's expedition to the Spice Islands ( Moluccas ).
As ship master on the Concepción , the Armada’s third largest ship at 90 tons, Elcano initially had a subordinate, but nautically important position. The captain was Gaspar de Quesada, the navigator João Lopes Carvalho. The voyage began on September 20, 1519 and led across the Atlantic along the South American coast to the Paso, suspected by Magellan, a strait to the west. Due to increasing bad weather in the southern winter of the high latitudes, Magellan decided to overwinter. Dissatisfaction with the food rationing was revolt, the Spanish captains at their mutiny in Puerto San Julián Elcano also participated. After their failure, he was demoted and no longer appeared in the official records.
After Magellan's death on April 27, 1521 on the island of Mactan ( Philippines ) and the murder of his successors Juan Serrano and Duarte Barbosa four days later, the previous pilot João Lopes Carvalho was elected commander in chief, but was soon removed from the crews due to incompetence. The barely navigable Concepción was given up, of the remaining two ships Elcano now took over command of the Victoria . After an odyssey through the Indonesian island world, the two Naos sailed to the ( Moluccas ) with the help of local pilots , they reached the island of Tidore and then the neighboring island of Ternate on Friday, November 8th at 3pm , after a one-month rest period in the Cloves and ( nutmegs ) was taken on board as a cargo of spices , the ships began their journey home. However, the leaked Trinidad had to stay behind to caulk. Victoria, now left to her own devices, returned to Spain from Timor around the Cape of Good Hope on February 11, 1522 under Elcanos leadership . Portuguese bases were avoided as Spanish ships were banned from sailing in the eastern hemisphere since the Treaty of Tordesillas . Rotten meat and a lack of food led to scurvy, the crew lost 21 men. A landing in the fish bay of South Africa forced by storms could not improve food supplies. The hull and rigging were badly damaged in storms, the foremast and the fore rake shattered, and in the end it had to be constantly drained. During an attempt to trade food on the Cape Verde Islands, the Portuguese there suspected and captured 13 crew members. Elcano was only able to flee. On September 6, 1522, he arrived at the port of departure at Sanlúcar de Barrameda with the remaining 17 men , and two days later the Victoria anchored in Seville. Elcano went to Valladolid, where he became Emperor Charles V duly received: It was from this in the knighthood collected and also got a coat of arms awarded (two crossed Zimtstäbe with nutmeg and cloves fill the inner shield and a helmet , which the earth bears , inflated it) with the Latin inscription Primus circum dedisti me ( You were the first to drive around me ).
For this purpose, the Italian companion and chronicler of the trip, Antonio Pigafetta , wrote a travel description in which he does not even mention Elcano. This fact, and because he has not written or published a book himself, is why Elcano is little known; he is taking care of a new expedition to the Moluccas.
In 1525 Elcano went again under the command of García Jofre de Loaísa . On this trip, Loaísa died on April 30, 1526 and finally Elcano in the Pacific Ocean on the way to the Moluccas on August 4 of the same year of malnutrition .
The dispute between Portugal and Spain, a dispute over possession of the Moluccas, was settled in the Treaty of Saragossa in 1529 . The route through the Strait of Magellan was far too dangerous to be a successful trade route, which is why Charles V sold the islands to Portugal for 350,000 ducats. It later turned out that he had done well with it: according to the still valid Treaty of Tordesillas, the Moluccas were in the Portuguese hemisphere.
effect
Until the end of their journey, the exact position was noted every day and when they got back to Seville they noticed that they had "lost" a day: the proof that the earth is round and rotates in space.
The sailing training ship Juan Sebastián de Elcano of the Armada (the Spanish Navy) and the asteroid (3060) Delcano are named after Elcano .
A statue of Elcanos erected in Getaria in 1801 was destroyed by bombardment in 1935, but rebuilt in 1961 at provincial costs.
In 2001 the Royal Elcano Foreign Policy Institute (Real Instituto Elcano) was named after him. It should "examine the interests of Spain and the Spaniards in international society and make the results available to society," says the description of the institute. The diplomatic relations of Spain in the narrower sense, but also global processes such as the development and causes of migration flows and energy supply, play a role here.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Terra X: Magellan's Journey Around Earth - The Adventure of the First Circumnavigation. ZDF, April 13, 2020, accessed on April 11, 2020 .
- ^ Real Instituto Elcano
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Elcano, Juan Sebastián |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | de Elcano, Juan Sebastián |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Basque-Spanish explorer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1486 or 1487 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Getaria , Gipuzkoa |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 4, 1526 |