Victoria (ship, 1519)
 Replica of the Victoria
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The Victoria was a ship of the squadron of Ferdinand Magellan , with the latter to the first circumnavigation departed. It was the only squadron ship that completed this circumnavigation.
construction
The Victoria was a carrack or nao with three masts, all of which still consisted of one piece: foremast and mainmast were each covered with two square sails , the mizzen mast with a latin sail .
history
construction
In the Basque port city of Zarautz , the Victoria was probably completed within just three months. The coastal strip in northern Spain was full of shipyards that built several ships at the same time. They got the material from the nearby iron mines and oak forests; the whole society was geared towards shipbuilding.
The first circumnavigation
On September 20, 1519, the squadron sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain. Luis de Mendoza was the captain of the Victoria . Mendoza was executed in Puerto San Julián on April 1, 1520 following a mutiny . After Magellan's violent death on April 27, 1521 on the Philippines island of Mactán , Juan Sebastián Elcano took command of the Victoria . Shortly before the end of the trip, the Portuguese captured part of the team near Santiago (Cape Verde) . Hunger and scurvy decimate the crew, the ship is in a miserable condition and in the end has to be pumped out around the clock. On September 6, 1522, the Victoria reached Sanlúcar, the Spanish port of departure. Of the originally 237 participants in the expedition, only 18 Europeans and four Indians reached their home port. The first circumnavigation of the world was completed and had lasted two years, 11 months and two weeks. 25 tons of spices (especially cloves and cinnamon) turn the trip into an economic gain, despite the high losses.
The end of the ship
The Victoria then made two more voyages to Hispaniola , but did not return from the second voyage and sank in 1527.
In 1524 Juan Sebastián Elcano tried another circumnavigation with the expedition of García Jofre de Loaísa .
Team details
Survivors on board the Victoria:
- Juan Sebastián Elcano , captain general, previously helmsman of the Concepción ;
- Antonio Pigafetta (Italian), passenger, translator and chronicler, on whose travel description today's knowledge of the journey is based;
- Juan de Acurio, previously the helmsman of the Concepción ;
- Francisco Albo , helmsman, previously boatswain on the Trinidad ;
- Juan de Arratia, sailor of the Victoria ;
- Hernando de Bustamente, Mariner of the Concepción ;
- Diego Gallego by Carmena, Mariner of the Victoria ;
- Antonio Fernández, previously a Trinidadian marine ;
- Vasco Gómez Gallego, previously a sailor for the Trinidad ;
- Martín de Judicibus, previously Chief Steward of the Concepción (Italian);
- Nicolas Griego, mariner of the Victoria (Greek from Nauplia);
- Miguel de Rodas, substitute mate of the Victoria ;
- Francisco Rodrigues, previously Mariner of the Concepción (Portuguese);
- Hans von Aachen , gunner of Victoria (first German circumnavigator);
- Juan Rodrigues, previously a Trinidadian marine ;
- Miguel Sánchez de Rodas, Mariner of the Victoria ;
- Juan de Santander, previously a sailor for the Trinidad ;
- Juan de Zubieta, Page of Victoria .
Captured at the Cape Verde Islands:
- Alfonso Domingo, previously a marine for the Santiago ;
- Roldan de Argote, previously gunner of the Concepción ;
- Simon de Burgos (Ximeno de Bargos), once captain of Mendoza's servant (Portuguese);
- Pedro Gasco, previously Mariner of the Santiago (French);
- Juan de Apega;
- Pedro de Indarchi from Teneriffe, previously champion on the Santiago ;
- Juan Martín of Aguilar de Campo, once Captain Mendoza's servant;
- Martín Méndez de Magallanes, accountant at Victoria ;
- Richard from Normandy (Ruger Carpeninete), previously a carpenter for Santiago (French);
- Juan Ortega of Bilbao, previously steward of the San Antonio ;
- Diego Garcia;
- Pedro Valpuesta, sailor of the Victoria .
- Lorenzo de Iruna
List of later returnees (circumnavigators)
Returned to Spain as prisoners of the Portuguese via Lisbon (January 1527) after imprisonment in August 1527:
- Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa
- Gines de Mafra
- Guillermo Morales
- Hans Barge , German (second German circumnavigator, died in prison in Lisbon)
- Leon Pancaldo of Savona, Italian (returned as a stowaway on Portuguese ships)
- Juan Rodriguez (el Sordo) (1525 as the first prisoner of the Portuguese shipped from Kochin to Europe, and due to his old age, he was the oldest participant in the circumnavigation at 58, released after a short imprisonment in Lisbon and returned to Seville.)
Naming
The Martian crater Victoria is named after her.
literature
- Attilio Cucari: Sailing Ships - The Queens of the Seas, History and Typology. , Bassermann Verlag, Munich 2008 (Italian original edition: Velieri , Mondadori Electra SpA Milano 2004)
- Antonio Pigafetta: An eyewitness account of the first circumnavigation. Edition Erdmann, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-86539-811-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Terra X: Magellan's Journey around the Earth - The adventure of the first circumnavigation. Xavier Agote, President d. Albaola Basque Maritime Heritage Society San Sebastian. ZDF, April 13, 2020, accessed on April 11, 2020 .
- ^ First Voyage Round the World by Magellan , after Antonio Pigafetta. Translation into English by Henry Edward Jon Stanley, 1874.
- ^ First Voyage Round the World by Magellan , after Antonio Pigafetta. Translation into English by Henry Edward Jon Stanley, 1874.
- ↑ Laurence Bergreen: Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's terrifying circumnavigation of the globe , Perennial, New York, NY 2004, ISBN 978-0-06-093638-9 , p. 407