Jules Baillarger
Jules Gabriel François Baillarger (born March 26, 1809 in Montbazon , † December 31, 1890 in Paris ) was a French neurologist and psychiatrist .
Life
Baillarger studied with Jean-Étienne Esquirol (1772-1840) in Paris and already worked as an assistant at the Charenton Psychiatric Clinic during his studies . He received his doctorate in 1837 with a study on the origin of meningeal bleeding. In 1840 he took a job at the Salpêtrière and a little later became medical director of the psychiatric clinic in Ivry . In 1842 he was recognized by the Académie de médecine for his work on hallucinations. Together with Jacques-Joseph Moreau (1804–1884), François Achille Longet (1811–1871) and Laurent Alexis Philibert Cerise (1807–1869) he founded the journal Annales médico-psychologiques in 1843 , which is still published today. During the cholera epidemics of 1849 and 1865, Baillarger showed his particular courage. It was he who saved Ulysse Trélat (1828–1890) and Valentin Magnan (1835–1916) from death through personal care.
research results
As early as 1840, Baillarger demonstrated that the cortex cerebri is divided into six alternating layers of gray and white matter. The outer and inner Baillarger layers, i.e. the lamina granularis interna and the lamina pyramidalis interna (see isocortex and allocortex ), are named after him. In 1865 Baillarger was able to prove in aphasic patients that although they had lost the ability to speak arbitrarily, a certain degree of reduced ability to express themselves persisted.
In his psychiatric research, Baillarger examined the involuntary nature of hallucinations and the dynamics of hypnagogic states, by which one understands a transition stage from waking consciousness to sleep. In 1854, it was he who was one of the first to describe bipolar disorder , which he called folie à double forme . At around the same time, bipolar disorder was recognized as a disease unit by Jean-Pierre Falret (1794–1870), another French psychiatrist . Falret called it folie circulaire .
The so-called “Baillarger's sign” is also named after Baillarger. This is understood to mean anisocoria in progressive paralysis , i.e. in a late complication of syphilis .
See also: History of Brain Research
Selected Works
- Des hallucinations, des causes qui les produisent et des maladies caractérisent , Mémoires de l'Académie de médecine, 1842.
- Statistique de la folie héréditaire , Annales médico-psychologiques du système nerveux.
- Fréquence da la folie chez les prisonniers , Annales médico-psychologiques du système nerveux.
- Hallucinations , Annales médico-psychologiques du système nerveux. 1844.
- Crétinisme , Annales médico-psychologiques du système nerveux.
- Foil à double forme , Annales médico-psychologiques du système nerveux, 1854.
- Recherches sur la structure de la couche corticale des circonvolutions du cerveau , Mémoires de l'Académie royale de médecine, 1840.
- Recherches sur les maladies mentales , 2 volumes, 1890.
literature
- Peter Reuter: Springer Lexicon Medicine. Springer, Berlin a. a. 2004, ISBN 3-540-20412-1 .
- Archive of Pathological Anatomy and Physiology
- History of Brain Research
- Roche Lexicon
- Werner Leibbrand , Annemarie Wettley: The madness, history of occidental psychopathology . Area Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-89996-452-7 .
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Baillarger, Jules |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Baillarger, Jules Gabriel François |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French neurologist and psychiatrist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 26, 1809 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Montbazon |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 31, 1890 |
| Place of death | Paris |