Julius Weingarten

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Julius Weingarten

Julius Weingarten (born March 25, 1836 in Berlin , † June 16, 1910 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German mathematician .

After finishing school, Weingarten attended lectures at Berlin University , for example on potential theory from Dirichlet . In 1864 he received his doctorate from the University of Halle .

Weingarten became a professor at the Bauakademie in 1871 and then at the Technical University of Charlottenburg . In 1905, for health reasons, he went to a chair for mathematics in Freiburg im Breisgau , where the climate seemed more favorable to his health.

Weingarten worked in particular on the field of differential geometry and was the first to draw attention to those surfaces in which the main radius of curvature is a function of the other. Weingarten wrote a treatise on trigonometry on the spheroid for the calculation methods for the European degree measurement . His most important work is on the theory of surfaces that can be developed on one another (2 vols. Heidelberg 1875). His work on the infinitesimal deformations of surfaces, published since 1886, was a.o. a. highly praised by Darboux .

With a major work on this subject, Weingarten won the grand prize of the Paris Académie des Sciences in 1894 . In this work he showed that all isometric surfaces for a given surface can be determined with the solutions of a partial differential equation of the Monge-Ampère type .

Weingarten's investigation (1901) on the deformation field inside an elastic body, which results from a cut, then a subsequent relative displacement of the cut surfaces as a rigid body and rejoining the surfaces, formed the starting point of the mathematical dislocation theory in solid crystals.

Weingarten also worked with the Italian mathematician Luigi Bianchi , in whose correspondence Weingarten's letters take up most of the space.

The Weingarten surfaces , which are surfaces with a constant mean radius of curvature, are named in his honor . There are also the Gauss-Weingarten equations , which in area theory are synonymous with Frenet's formulas in the theory of space curves .

In 1886 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1890 Weingarten was appointed a member of the Leopoldina and in 1899 an external member of the Italian Accademia dei Lincei .

A detailed appraisal is included in the obituary.

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ G. Weingarten: Sulle superficie di discontinuità nella teoria della elasticità dei corpi solidi . In: Atti della R. Accad. dei Lincei, Rendiconti, Roma Ser. 5 . tape 10 , no. 1 , 1901, p. 57–60 ( neo-classical-physics.info [PDF; accessed November 5, 2015]).
  2. ^ FRN Nabarro: The Mathematical Theory of Stationary Dislocations . In: Advances in Physics . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1952, pp. 269-394 (especially Chapter 3: pp. 287-295) , doi : 10.1080 / 00018735200101211 .
  3. ↑ A. Guerraggio, G. Paoloni: Vito Volterra . Birkhäuser, Basel 2011, ISBN 978-3-0348-0080-8 , pp. 80-81 .
  4. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 254.
  5. ↑ Kgl. Techn. Hochschule zu Berlin (Ed.): Program for the academic year 1910-1911 . Berlin 1910, p. 157–161 ( kobv.de [PDF; accessed November 5, 2015]).
personal data
SURNAME Weingarten, Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH March 25, 1836
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH June 16, 1910
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau