Julius Wolf (economist)

Julius Wolf (1913)

Julius Wolf (born April 20, 1862 in Brno , Austrian Empire ; died May 1, 1937 in Berlin ) was a political economist.

Life

His parents, Ludwig Wolf and Sophie, geb. Bam (around 1839–1909), moved with him to Ottakring near Vienna, where his father became the authorized representative of a large brewery, alcohol and press yeast factory. Julius, the eldest of seven children, was baptized early and attended elementary school and secondary school in Hernals .

After graduating from high school, Wolf worked for the Anglo-Österreichische Bank in Vienna for two years and then studied economics, law and political science in Vienna, where he was interested in questions about indirect taxes . After receiving the first prize from the Budapest Agricultural Society Köztelek for a thesis on the spirits tax , he continued his studies in Munich and Tübingen, where he received his doctorate in 1884 under the chair socialist and tax expert Friedrich Julius Neumann . In the following year he completed his habilitation in economics at the University of Zurich .

He initially worked as a private lecturer at the University of Zurich, became an associate professor in 1888 and a full professor of economics and statistics the following year. His doctoral student Rosa Luxemburg took pleasure in embroiling him in disputes with Julian Balthasar Marchlewski . In 1897 he accepted her dissertation on the industrial development of Poland "with great praise".

In 1897 he followed a call to the University of Breslau . There was controversy here with Werner Sombart and Adolph von Wenckstern . Wolf advocated restrained capitalism. His opposition to Marxism and Cathedral Socialism promoted his reputation as a Manchester economist. In order to ward off hostility, he founded the journal for social sciences in 1898 . He attributed much of the poverty to the population increase in Europe from 150 to 360 million within a century. When dealing with Malthus' population theory , he discovered the international population decline and put forward his theory of the rationalization of sexual life .

On January 21, 1904, the Central European Business Association was founded in Berlin under his direction and with the assistance of Georg von Mayr . The French consul general Emile Jacquemin reported to his foreign minister about his lecture at the Zurich Commercial Association on March 11, 1904, in which he denied an intended European customs union.

In April 1913 he moved to the Royal Technical University in Charlottenburg. At the International Society for Sex Research (InGeSe) founded in November 1913 with Albert Moll and Max Marcuse , he took over the chairmanship. In 1924 he was made an honorary citizen of the TH, but removed from the list again under the National Socialists. He last lived at Kurfürstendamm 52. He is buried in the Wilmersdorfer Waldfriedhof Stahnsdorf .

Publications

• The spirits tax in European countries and in the United States of North America from 1884–1886, with special consideration of efforts to reorganize it in Germany. In: FinanzArchiv. ISSN  0015-2218 , Volume 4 (1887), 1, pp. 320-435.
• Socialism and Liberalism in their Historical Relationships: Lecture given at the Scientific Club in Vienna on April 4, 1887
• On the reform of the Swiss central banking system: a federal giro office as a solution. 1888.
• The current economic crisis. Inaugural address given at the University of Zurich in the summer semester of 1888. Tübingen 1888 ( ZBZOnline ).
• On the reform of the Swiss central banking system. A federal giro office as a solution. Zurich 1888
• International social policy. A lecture given at the beginning of January 1889 in the Zurich statistical and economic society. Zurich 1889.
• A federal university for political science: expert opinion is provided on request. D. Confederation. Departments d. Inside. 1889, doi: 10.3931 / e-rara-38915 .
• The riddle of the average rate of profit in Marx. 1891.
• System of social policy. 1892 ( ZBZOnline ).
• Socialism and capitalist social order: critical appreciation of both as the basis of a social policy. 1892.
• Currency proposals: dedicated to the Brussels International Coin Conference in 1892.
• Ammon: The social order and its natural foundations. Draft social anthropology for use by all educated people who deal with social issues. Jena 1895.
• The question of housing as an object of social policy: Lecture given in Zurich City Hall on December 5, 1895.
• Unemployment and its fight: Lecture given in the Gehe-Stiftung zu Dresden on October 12th, 1895. ( ZBZOnline ).
• Stock exchange reform in Switzerland. Expert opinion, submitted to the Justice and Police Department of Switzerland. Confederation. Zurich 1895.
• The housing question as an object of social policy. Lecture given in the town hall of Zurich on December 5, 1895. Jena 1896.
• Tax reform in the canton of Zurich. 1897.
• The Kathedersocialismus and the social question: Speech held on November 3rd, 1899 at the foundation ceremony of the Social Science Students' Association in Berlin
• The prospects of the grain market: Lecture, go ... 1899.
• The Conditions of Agriculture in the Twentieth Century: Lecture given at the General Assembly of the Agricultural Association in Breslau on December 19, 1899.
• The student and the social question: Speech given on November 3rd, 1899 at the foundation ceremony of the Social Science Student Association in Berlin.
• with Johann von Bloch: The Chinese question. 1900.
• The German Reich and the world market. Jena 1901 ( ZBZOnline ).
• Materials relating to a Central European business association: (Association for the promotion of the common economic interests of the Central European states). 1903.
• Meat control studies. In: Yearbooks for Economics and Statistics, ISSN  0021-4027 , Volume 3.25 (1903), pp. 193-231.
• Preferential treatment under most-favored-nation treatment: outline a history of the privilege agreements. 1905.
• The meaning and concept of political offense in international law. 1907.
• Political economy as an exact science: a floor plan. 1908.
• The imperial financial reform and its connection with Germany's national and world economy. 1909.
• The importance of the fleet policy for the German workforce: lecture. 1911.
• Proposals to lift the crisis in German government bonds. 1911.
• The national economy of the present and future: the main truths of general national economy presented for practice. 1912.
• Taxes in Germany: a guide. 1912.
• The Decline in Births: The Rationalization of Sexual Life in Our Time. 1912.
• The international payment system. 1913 ( ZBZOnline ).
• The population problem in: Philipp Zorn , Herbert von Berger (editor): Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm II. Ed. By Siegfried Körte, Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell a . a. 3 volumes. R. Hobbing, Berlin 1914.
• The tax reserves in England and Germany: a contribution to the question of the “arms borders” of both countries. 1914.
• The war bill. 1914.
• The German people's power: a look back and a foresight. In: Hochland: Monthly. ISSN  0018-2966 , 1914, 4, pp. 466-471.
• The prospects of the new war loan. 1915.
• A German-Austrian-Hungarian customs association. 1915.
• Taxes in Germany: a guide. 1915.
• Financial war essays. 1916.
• The French national wealth before the war. 1917.
• Food leeway and number of people: a look into the future. 1917.
• Preface to The Coal Supplies of the World. 1917.
• The population policy of the present: Lecture given at the Gehe-Stiftung zu Dresden on November 17th, 1917. 1918.
• Is the social democratic economic program feasible? 1919.
• Currency and financial distress in Germany. 1920.
• Market exchange rate, reparations and Russian business. 1922.
• Self-presentation. In: The economics of the present in self-portrayals. Volume 1, 1924, pp. 209-247.
• The tax reserves in England and Germany: a contribution to the question of the “arms borders” of both countries. 1924.
• The overpopulation of Western Europe and unemployment. In: Crisis of the world economy, overpopulation of Western Europe, tax shifting (1926), pp. 357–361.
• Decline in the birth rate and sexual morality. In: Schmoller's yearbook for legislation, administration and economics, ISSN  0036-6234 , Volume 51.1, 1927, pp. 93-102.
• Sartorius von Waltershausen, [August]: The world economy and the state-regulated transport economies. Leipzig 1926. In: Schmoller's yearbook for legislation, administration and economics, ISSN  0036-6234 , Volume 51.1, 1927, pp. 326–328.
• The new sexual morality and the birth problem of our day. 1928.
• Spontaneous evolution. 1928.
• The changes of capitalism: written. Assessment. In: Changes in Capitalism, Foreign Loans, Credit and Business Cycle. 1929, pp. 393-398.
• Mother or embryo? To the fight for the abortion law. 1930.
• The Roman Empire. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1932.
• Physiognomics and national history: based on templates from the ancient Egyptian and ancient oriental treasure trove. 1935.
• Austria and the imperial idea. 1937.
• Blood and race of the House of Habsburg-Lothringen. Problems of the history of physiognomy and heredity. 1940.

literature

• Ursula Ferdinand: On the life and work of the economist Julius Wolf (1862-1937). A biographical sketch. In: Rainer Mackensen, Jürgen Reulecke (eds.): The construct “population” before, during and after the “Third Reich”. VS, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-531-14807-9 , pp. 150-200.
• Siegfried Kardorff: International Capitalism and the Crisis. Festschrift for Julius Wolf on April 20, 1932.
• Hubert Kiesewetter: Julius Wolf 1862–1937. Between Judaism and National Socialism. A scientific biography. Steiner, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-515-09116-9 , ( table of contents at DNB ).
• Ursula Ferdinand: Julius Wolf , in: Volkmar Sigusch , Günter Grau (Hrsg.): Personenlexikon der Sexualforschung . Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 2009 ISBN 978-3-593-39049-9 , pp. 766-772

Web links

• Overview of the courses held by Julius Wolf (economist) at the University of Zurich (winter semester 1885 to winter semester 1897)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Economics of the Present (1924)
2. ↑ spartacus-educational.com
3. ↑ zeit.de
4. ↑ Grassnitzer, Overath: Population issues : processes of knowledge transfer in Germany and…. P. 89