Juminda (ship)
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The Juminda was a mine ship of the German Navy , the former Italian transport ship Elbano Gasperi from 1928. During the Second World War, the ship served as an auxiliary mine-layer, first from 1940 under the code F 8 in the Regia Marina , from 1943 as Juminda in the Navy. In October 1943, the ship was sunk by speedboats.
Construction and technical data
The Elbano Gasperi was built in 1928 as a transport ship at the Cantieri Navali Odero shipyard in Genoa under construction number 249. It was launched on April 24, 1928. The ship was named after an Italian soldier who took part in the Battle of Curtatone in the First Italian War of Independence in 1848 and is revered as a hero for his work.
Her length was 59.22 meters, she was 8.61 meters wide, there is no information about the draft. She was measured with 742 GRT or 850 tons. The drive consisted of a 3-cylinder triple expansion machine . With this she reached a speed of 8 knots and a range of 700 nautical miles with 117 tons of coal. The crew consisted of 22 officers and men.
Transport ship Elbano Gasperi
The owner of the ship was the Navigazione Toscana - Società Anonima di Navigazione in Livorno , which was mainly active with its ships in coastal shipping and ferry traffic and existed from 1913 to 1975. The Elbano Gasperi operated between the Italian mainland and Elba as well as the other islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea from the time it was put into service until it was seized by the Italian Navy . She carried both passengers and cargo.
Auxiliary mine-layer F 8 of the Regia Marina
Shortly before the Italian entry into the war on June 10, 1940, the Regia Marina took over the ship on May 12, 1940 and converted it into an auxiliary mine-layer with a loading capacity of 60 to 80 mines. The armament consisted of two 76/40 mm guns. It was assigned to the naval section command in La Spezia and was given the identifier F 8 while retaining the name .
From June 9 to 15, 1940 the Gasperi was used together with the mine layers Fasana and Crotone and the auxiliary mine layer Giuseppe Orlando to lay defensive minefields around Elba. The Gasperi , which was accompanied by the torpedo boat Calatafimi , encountered a French fleet on the night of June 13-14. The heavy cruisers Algérie , Colbert , Dupleix and Foch as well as eleven destroyers were on their way to the Italian coast to bombard oil tanks and steel works near Genoa and Savona . The Gasperi escaped to the coast while the Calatafimi attacked the French unit alone.
The Regia Marina gave the ship back to the owner on June 25, 1940, but withdrew it again on October 5 and used it again as an auxiliary warship with the designation F 8 . When the Gasperi was not carrying out any mining operations, it was used for security and guard duties as well as transports, especially around Elba. This is also indicated by the identifier F 8 , which was assigned to auxiliary ships with watch duties. At times it was also intended for the naval association for the invasion of Malta .
The last mention in the Regia Marina is in the summer of 1943, when the Gasperi was involved in laying mine barriers. Together with the miner Buffoluto , she laid two barriers with 280 mines off Ajaccio on the Corsican coast.
Mineship Juminda of the Kriegsmarine
On September 9, 1943 the Gasperi was confiscated by the German Navy in La Spezia and put into service as a mine ship on September 27. It received its name Juminda on the initiative of the first commandant, Corvette Captain Karl-Friedrich Brill, on September 30th. In 1941 he was involved in laying the Juminda mine barrier off the Estonian Juminda peninsula , which helped keep the Soviet fleet away from the Baltic Sea. The ship was assigned to the Mining Ship Group West Italy; this belonged to the 3rd escort flotilla, which carried out escort duties in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The loading capacity was still 60 to 80 mines - depending on the type of mine. The armament consisted of the two Italian 76 mm guns, temporarily supplemented by four anti-aircraft machine guns of 13.2 mm caliber. Armament with a 37 mm twin flak, a 20 mm quadruple flak and four 20 mm Oerlikon flak was planned, but not installed due to the early deployment. The crew was now 79 officers and men.
In the few weeks as a mine ship, the Juminda undertook five operations to lay defensive barriers: from October 4th to 5th near Bastia and Elba, from October 8th to 10th its reinforcements, from October 11th to 13th. October together with the Kehrwieder to protect the Tiber estuary, from October 16 to 18 at Terracina and from October 21 the extension of the closure in front of the Tiber estuary. During this operation, the Juminda was sunk on October 23 by the American speed boats PT 206 , PT 212 and PT 216 of the 15th motor torpedo boat squadron two nautical miles west of Santo Stefano.
literature
- Maurizio Brescia: Mussolini's Navy. A Reference Guide to the Regia Marina 1930-1945 . E-Book, Kindle Edition 2012, ISBN 978-1-84832-115-1 .
- Erich Gröner , Dieter Jung, Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945, Bd.3: U-boats, auxiliary cruisers, mine ships, net layers and barrier breakers . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Koblenz 1985, ISBN 3-7637-4802-4 .
- Hans H. Hildebrand, Albert Röhr, Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Volume 9: Historical Overview . Collective chapter landing craft, mine ships, minesweepers, speedboats, training ships, special ships, tenders and escort ships, torpedo boats, supply ships. Mundus Verlag, 1999, OCLC 247353137 .
- Reinhart Schmelzkopf: Foreign ships in German hands . Strandgut Verlag, Cuxhaven 2004.
- John Jourdan, Jean Moulin: French Cruisers, 1922–1956 , e-book, Kindle Edition 2015.
- Manfred Krellenberg: L'affondamento dell 'Elbano Gasperi . In: Storia Militare , 68, May 1999, pp. 43-49.
- Karl von Kutzleben, Wilhelm Schroeder, Jochen Brennecke : Mine ships 1939–1945. The mysterious missions of the “midnight squadron” . Köhler, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-7822-0844-7 .
- Giancarlo Molinari: La Storia del Piroscafo Elbano Gasperi . (PDF) accessed on October 28, 2016.
- Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare (ed.): La Guerra di Mine . Roma 1966.
Web links
- wlb-stuttgart.de accessed on October 23, 2016
- wlb-stuttgart.de accessed on October 28, 2016
- manfred-krellenberg.de accessed on October 23, 2016
- regiamarina.net accessed on October 23, 2016
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gröner, p. 192, manfred-krellenberg.de
- ↑ Gröner, p. 192, different information about size and dimensions in von Kutzleben, p. 248 f.
- ↑ naviearmatori.net
- ↑ Molinari, argentariodivers.com ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Molina, Brescia, cf. Gröner, p. 192 and photo at manfred-krellenberg.de with the identifier F 8 ; on the other hand Hildebrand, p. 142 and von Kutzleben, p. 248 f. labeled Netta number 5
- ↑ Jourdan, p. 183, cf. betasom.it
- ↑ melt head, p. 71
- ↑ Molinari, cf. forum-marinearchiv.de
- ↑ wlb-stuttgart.de
- ↑ manfred-krellenberg.de
- ↑ wlb-stuttgart.de
- ↑ Gröner, p. 192, manfred-krellenberg.de
- ↑ wlb-stuttgart.de , von Kutzleben, p. 225, Gröner, p. 193, manfred-krellenberg.de
