Junker House (Frankfurt (Oder))
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The Junker House in Frankfurt (Oder) was built in the Middle Ages in the form of a Gothic patrician house. It is one of the few buildings in the city center that survived the end of the Second World War in 1945 . It has housed the city museum since 1957 .
history
From patrician house to junker house
The building was first mentioned in 1557 as a property "uff den Ecken" in Giebelgasse owned by the Affe family. Later it belonged to Mayor Albrecht Wins. Then it was sold to the Elector Johann Georg . In a deed of donation from 1574 to the general superintendent and professor of theology at the Brandenburg University of Frankfurt , Andreas Musculus , it is called "House of Young Men". In 1581, fortress builder Count Rochus zu Lynar owned the building and bought the adjoining outbuilding to the west. In 1596 a Joachim von Schrapsdorf acquired the property, but Elector Joachim Friedrich was the owner as early as 1598 and had it used as the residence of the princes from the electoral house who were studying at the Alma Mater Viadrina, as well as relatives and relatives of befriended royal houses. During this time, the names "Young Man's House" or "Junker House" became common. Junkers at this time are generally called the sons of the nobility and young nobles without any other title. The street on which the house is located was also often called “Junkergasse” or “Junkerstraße” from this time on; the oldest written evidence of the name change comes from 1683. It was previously called Amringen , then Giebelgasse . In 1948 it was renamed Stresemannstrasse; since 1965 it has been called Carl-Philipp-Emanuel-Bach-Strasse.
In 1615, Elector Johann Sigismund donated the house to the Alma Mater Viadrina, but set conditions: “One of the professors, especially the Professor of History, should have a free apartment in the house, but the meetings of the professors (Concilia) should be held in the other rooms. If young margraves were to study at the local university, the whole house had to be given to them during their stay here. ”In 1621 the university had the building renovated inside and out.
Reconstruction after the Thirty Years War
In the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) the house was badly damaged; In 1649 the house was considered "totally ruined" due to the lack of repair work; In 1660 the east or side gable collapsed.
"Since this house was already deserted some years ago, that only the bare walls of it stand, the same thing has been made a general sewer that both the local citizens and the garrison lodged in it use the cessation ... Rubble, which is carried up from the stables and houses from the city, both by day and by night, and is so buried that many thousands of loads lie on it "
From 1670 the building was structurally secured by the fortress builder Philippo di Chieze and the provisions manager Dammerow at the instigation of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm . From 1678 further construction work followed under the direction of master builder Cornelis Ryckwaert . In 1681 the gable on either side collapsed again. In the following year, the interior was furnished with magnificent stucco ceilings, which were carried out by plasterers from Northern Italy ( Giovanni Battista Tornielli , Giovanni Simonetti , Giovanni Belloni ). After the death of Cornelis Ryckwaert in 1693, Louis Cayardt continued "the work on the palace in Frankfurt ad O." The Huguenot master builder calls it Maison Electorale (Electoral House) in French . Due to the tower-like extension and a narrow connecting component as well as its simple facade proportions, the building has received the baroque appearance restored in the 1990s to 2000s.
For the 200th anniversary of the Alma Mater Viadrina in 1706, the Prussian King Friedrich I and Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm lived in the house called "Royal" at that time, which is why it is also called the "City Palace of the Hohenzollern ".
Dispute over right of residence for life
In 1685, Professor Andreas Wolfgang von Runckel was granted the right to live in the " Herrenhaus " for life. In 1692, Professor von Runckel reported the town to the sovereign because these parts of the Junker House's courtyard were used to set up fish troughs, i.e. as a fish market, which caused water damage to the building. In the run-up to this, the professor's wife had a solid quarrel with the fish wives and there was a physical argument between the city servants and the professor himself Damage to the Junker's house due to not closed windows. Von Runckel denied the allegations. Regarding the accusation of noise nuisance, he stated that he had encouraged his children to make music every day from their youth, but that this could not be regarded as noise nuisance. Proof of the excellent quality of the music he and his children can hear in the Junkerhaus is that they were allowed to play to His Royal Majesty, late mother Sophie Charlotte von Hannover, on her last visit to Frankfurt. In addition, he doesn't understand at all to what extent music should be harmful and punishable in the house. In 1713 Professor von Runckel complained to the king about the vacancy of the manor house and the improper use of parts of the ground floor as a stable and for storage purposes. At the same time he asked for his former rights to live in the Junkerhaus. He pointed out that a comparison in terms of time and costs of the money spent on window repairs would prove that he would have spent more on it during the time he was living in the Junkerhaus than the manager had spent during the period when the house was vacant. After a few weeks it was decided to reinstate Professor von Runckel for life in his old rights, albeit with conditions. Both cleaning and the initiation of all necessary work on doors, windows and other repairs in the entire house and the assumption of costs by von Runckel were conditions for moving into the Junker House again.
In 1748 Field Marshal Kurt Christoph von Schwerin stayed in the Junker House.
General Excise Office and Consumption Administration
King Frederick II donated the property to the city on the condition that the “royal coffers” be included on the ground floor and that the main floor be converted into an apartment for the Commissarius loci . In 1769/70 he withdrew the donation. In 1770, the “General Excise Office ” was set up in the house with the associated goods store in the “Packhof” (from 1818 it was called “Main Customs and Tax Office of the First Order”). Structural changes were made from 1798 to 1800 under the direction of the state master builder Georg Christian Berger , which presumably destroyed some of the stucco ceilings. In 1832 Karl Friedrich Schinkel pointed out the inadequate anchoring of the building: “An adjoining old pavilion, also of three storeys like the main building, which gives the complex a significant appearance from the waterfront and contains spacious rooms with beautiful views, is anchored The wall must be secured by bulging and creating cracks. ”The required renovation measures by Schinkel were not carried out to a large extent until after 1990.
In 1912 the garrison administration and directorate of the 5th Division got their seat in the Junkerhaus. In 1920 a branch of the Reich Property Office , 1927 the Reich Finance Administration , 1934 the Army Construction Administration Office and the Reich Construction Office moved into premises. In addition to the official use of the Junker House and the associated buildings, the premises were used for the apartments of the officials. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Junkerhaus was one of the few remaining buildings in Frankfurt city center. It was initially used as an epidemic hospital for the city hospital, then it became a guard room for the border troops. In addition, various administrative institutions (water management, state insurance , state bank , consumer administration ) had offices in the Junkerhaus.
VIADRINA Museum
In 1957 the Museum VIADRINA (a forerunner of today's “ Municipal Museums of Young Art and Viadrina ”) moved into its first rooms; In 1959 the first exhibition was opened in the main building. The portal of the main building of the Brandenburg University of Frankfurt, which was demolished on December 20, 1962, was attached to the main entrance . The exhibition rooms had to be closed in 1986 because of the considerable risk of collapse. In the following year, renovation work began based on the structural condition of the building complex around 1700. It was not until 1990 that the administration of consumption handed over the last rooms to the museum. In 2001 part of the Junker House was opened to the public again with the exhibition "The Viadrina - a Prussian University in the 18th Century". The full renovation was completed in 2003.
Web links
- Entry in the monument database of the State of Brandenburg
- Viadrina Museum - History of the Junker House. In: museum-viadrina.de. Municipal Museums of Young Art and Viadrina, accessed on 23 August 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Carl-Philipp-Emanuel-Bach-Strasse. (No longer available online.) In: museum-viadrina.de. Archived from the original on August 24, 2014 ; accessed on August 23, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Martin Schieck: Frankfurt (Oder) and its history - the old Frankfurt on the Oder. In: Frankfurter Jahrbuch. 2005, accessed August 24, 2014 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 20 ′ 42.7 ″ N , 14 ° 33 ′ 19 ″ E