Municipal Museums of Young Art and Viadrina
The City Museums of Young Art and Viadrina combine the Museum of Young Art and the City and Regional Museum Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder) .
Museum of Young Art
Place of issue in the town hall's ballroom
The collections of the Museum Junge Kunst contain over 11,000 works of painting, hand drawings, watercolors, prints, objects, installations and sculptures with the main focus on art from East Germany, i.e. from the Soviet zone of occupation (1945-1949) , the Germans Democratic Republic (1949–1990) and the Federal Republic of Germany - New Federal States .
Around 100 works by 37 artists from four generations are presented in the permanent exhibition; the oldest is Friedrich Press , born in 1904. With a few exceptions (including Hermann Glöckner and Friedrich Press), all of them completed their art studies after 1945, unless they found art as self-taught, such as Carlfriedrich Claus , Monika Maria Nowak or Carsten Nicolai .
Other artists in the collection are Hartwig Ebersbach , Walter Libuda , Willy Wolff , Bernhard Heisig , Werner Tübke , Eberhard Göschel , Moritz Götze , Gerhard Altenbourg , Michael Morgner , Robert Rehfeldt , Georg Herold , Via Lewandowsky , Rainer Görß , Fritz Cremer , Gustav Seitz , Rolf Biebl , Jürgen Schön , Wieland Förster , Werner Stötzer , Sabine Grzimek . A special collection concept is the acquisition of works by artists who left or had to leave the GDR, such as AR Penck , Lutz Dammbeck , Hendrik Grimmling , Roger Loewig , Gil Schlesinger ,
Packhof exhibition site
Since 2003, changing exhibitions of young artists have been taking place on the upper floor of the Packhof warehouse adjacent to the Junkerhaus. Among others exhibited: Richard KH Burkart (* 1950), Daniel Klawitter (* 1962), Eva-Maria Wilde (* 1972), Friedemann Grieshaber (* 1968), Patricia Waller (* 1962), Peter K. Koch (* 1972 ) and Kristina Schuldt (* 1982).
history
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On June 15, 1965, the cabinet of the Young Art Gallery was opened on the lower floor of Villa Trowitzsch. There, rooms in the Wilhelminian style summer villa of one of Frankfurt's wealthiest citizens were available for exhibitions. There were also work and workshop rooms as well as a depot in a building at the rear. A few months later, on October 7, 1965, a permanent exhibition for contemporary art and a 200 m² high Gothic ballroom were added in the 800 m² Gothic-Renaissance hall of the town hall.
The opening exhibition in the town hall was on the occasion of the 7th Workers' Festival of the GDR under the motto “ Art Prize Winners of the FDGB ”. After the opening exhibition was over, the permanent exhibition was set up. Political guidelines for the collection and exhibitions included support for the party and state's claim to power, the affirmation of socialism and a strict demarcation from Western European art. This should be achieved by giving preference to design features that are characterized by an affirmation of life through harmony, physicality and classicism. Works that met these requirements dominated most of the works in the two presentations, as did the transfers and acquisitions from 1964 and 1965. Brigitte Rieger-Jähner, who headed the museum after the fall of the Wall in the GDR, wrote about the work of the founding director Maetzke: " Although the founding director Karl-Heinz Maetzke, who headed the facility until 1983, agreed with the SED's evaluation criteria, the trained commercial artist was able to differentiate high-quality artistic from manual work. On this basis, from 1966 to 1983, outstanding groups of works from painting, sculpture and printmaking as well as hand drawings and watercolors came into the possession of the museum. These were mostly created by artists born in the 1920s. Nevertheless, until the beginning of the 1980s, his authority to issue instructions meant that it was neither possible to acquire non-figurative and constructively concrete works, nor evidence of an independent variant of pop art. Until 1983, they were not only excluded from purchase, but also from donations, as did works that dealt with the questions of the structure of dictatorships. "( Brigitte Rieger-Jähner :)
In addition to the permanent exhibition and presentations by artists from the GDR and the Frankfurt (Oder) district , there were up to ten changing exhibitions a year. These provided information about the work of an artist or an artist group or were thematic. Works by children and laypeople were also presented. The series of exhibitions with works by children began with the exhibition "Children's drawings from the Frankfurt (Oder) district" from February 8 to February 28, 1967. Artists without an artistic degree were referred to as laypeople. Her works were shown for the first time from December 1966 to January 1967 in collaboration with the district cabinet for cultural work . A separate collection area was later set up with amateur art. From 1972 there were also annual presentations of Polish art; from 1972 to 1976 from the Zielona Góra Voivodeship and from 1977 to 1990 from the Gorzów Voivodeship .
Founding director Maetzke retired in 1984. With the new director Kukla there was a generation change. With this and together with the changing political and deteriorating economic situation in the GDR, there was a change in the museum concept. Works by artists who were willing to leave and those who were critical of the regime were also purchased. In addition, the focus was on artists from the 1930s and 1940s cohorts.
In 1994 the name “Galerie Junge Kunst” was changed to “Museum Junge Kunst” in order to avoid confusion with commercial galleries. In 2001 the Museum of Young Art and the Museum Viadrina merged to form the “Municipal Museums of Young Art and Viadrina”. After the cabinet in Villa Trowitzsch at Heilbronner Strasse 19 was closed, the Packhof at Carl-Philipp-Emanuel-Bach-Strasse 11 opened on August 31, 2003 as the new exhibition space for the Museum of Young Art.
- Head of the Young Art Gallery / Young Art Museum
- 1965–1984 Karl-Heinz Maetzke (* 1915; † 2000; commercial artist)
- 1984–1987 Karl-Heinz Kukla (* 1934; † 1987; art historian)
- 1987–1989 Waltraud Osten (also: Waltraud Endler; * 1950; literary scholar)
- 1989–1990 Rudolph Quaiser (* 1939; historian)
- 1990–2001 Brigitte Rieger-Jähner (* 1949; art historian)
Viadrina Museum
Junkerhaus exhibition site
The Viadrina Museum has around 70,000 pieces in its collections.
- Collection focus
- Prehistory and early history (from the Paleolithic), primarily the Oder-Spree area, in particular groups from the Lausitz culture ( Aurith , Göritz ) and the Germanic and Slavic cultures
- Archaeological finds from the 13th to 19th centuries from excavations in the city center in Frankfurt (Oder)
- cultural-historical material from the Oderland, for example Brandenburg glass brands
- Documents, poster art, testimonials from 1945
- Collection items on school history,
- Paintings since the 18th century and paintings and graphics from the 19th / 20th centuries Century with the topic Frankfurt (Oder) and Oder landscape
- Ceramic, metal, glass of the 18th to 20th centuries
- Numismatics and Medals
- weapons
- Furniture (especially baroque furniture),
- Household items and textiles
- Radio equipment and radio technology, electronics (semiconductors)
- REKA collection of historical musical instruments, over 400 mainly Central European instruments from the 18th to the 20th century
- Sound carrier
- Study library with approx. 12,000 volumes, including on the subject areas
- City and regional history
- pedagogy
- art
- Folklore
- Museology
Exhibition location: Memorial and documentation center "Victims of Political Tyranny"
Exhibitions in the memorial and research facility "Victims of Political Tyranny"
The memorial documents the fate of people who became victims of the criminal justice system because of their political convictions, their beliefs, their origins or simply on suspicion. The time of National Socialism (including Walter Korsing, Paul Feldner, Albert Gebhardt, Adolf Hermann Porgede), the Soviet occupation zone (including Fritz Hertter, Kurt Ulbrich, Richard May) and the SED regime (including Walter Danschke, Hans -Joachim Helwig-Wilson , Birgit and Michael Bundschuh).
The multi-lingual permanent exhibition "Locked up ... Pretrial detention at the State Security in Frankfurt (Oder)" provides information on the conditions in the pretrial detention facility of the Ministry for State Security in Frankfurt (Oder) using texts, documents, photos and graphics . The individual fates of former prisoners are presented on a prologue board and on four pillars with a total of 16 exhibition spaces, as well as photos from the remand prison after its closure in 1990.
A cell block with five cells was left as an authentic place. In three of the five cells, the fates of well-known Frankfurt citizens are presented, structured according to time periods from 1933 to 1989. The other two cells, a single cell around 1960 and a detention cell from 1989, provide information about the conditions of detention.
In an exhibition room information is provided about executions carried out in Frankfurt (Oder) from 1945 to 1952. Special exhibitions can be seen in this room at regular intervals.
History of the detention center
The memorial is located in one of the oldest penal institutions in the Mark Brandenburg region. At the end of the 18th century there was a workhouse on the site . In 2001, numerous human bones were found in the courtyard of the building during construction work. Presumably deceased residents were buried here. In 1812 a police and judicial prison was built, which has been expanded several times over the years.
In the time of National Socialism after 1933, the Secret State Police took over the prison and also carried out executions there. The Sonnenburg concentration camp east of Küstrin ( Kostrzyn nad Odrą ) and the Oderblick labor education camp near Schwetig ( Świecko ), which was also used as an extended police prison, were connected to Frankfurt (Oder) through command structures .
After the end of the Second World War, the Soviet security organs first used the prison as an internment and later as a stage prison. Thousands of people were arrested, interned, sentenced or deported to the Soviet Union. The suspicion of having been a Nazi official , a member of the werewolf or having a negative attitude towards the occupying power was sufficient .
Around 1950 the facility was taken over by the Ministry for State Security (MfS), which ran the building as a pre-trial detention center (UHA). From 1950 to 1952 the prison was also a place of execution. 12 death sentences were carried out with the guillotine.
- On November 10, 1950, three members of the Gladow gang died: Werner Gladow himself, the first citizen of the GDR, as well as Kurt Gäbler and Gerhard Rogasch. According to a report by the BZ in 2002, the guillotine is said to have jammed and got stuck twice in the screaming Gladow's neck. The head is said to have been separated from the body only at the third attempt. The attending prosecutor allegedly fainted.
- On February 20, 1951, six former SA men were executed for participating in the Koepenick Blood Week .
- Walter Lemm (* 1901), a locksmith, from 1927 a member of the KPD, who betrayed KPD members to the Gestapo, who were subsequently killed, also died under the guillotine on May 7, 1952. His death sentence was confirmed by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany on March 25, 1952. Walter Lemm was rehabilitated after 1990 because he committed his betrayal under torture in Stettin in 1944.
- Another person who was executed here is the name Siegmund Andrejz.
The guillotine was brought to Berlin after 1953. During the restoration of the building in 2002, two fastening pins of the guillotine were still visible in the ground and a shaft through which the victims' blood had drained.
After the completion of a new building at Otto-Grotewohl-Strasse 53 (today: Robert-Havemann-Strasse 11) in 1969, the MfS moved there and handed over the old building at Grosse Oderstrasse 67 (Collegienstrasse 10) to the People's Police ( Ministry of the Interior ), which continued to run the prison as a pre-trial detention center until the end of the GDR .
After the political change , the building was refurbished in several stages (1990, 2001 and 2003) for the Frankfurt Music School, the city and regional library and the memorial. The memorial and documentation center, which was opened on June 17, 1994, was built in a cell wing on the ground floor of the extension from 1899.
Exhibition “Welcome to Home” in the Horn barracks
The exhibition designed by the Viadrina Museum and the memorial for peace donated by the Association of Returnees, Prisoners of War and Members of the Missing Persons in Germany in 1923 are intended to commemorate the return of almost two million German prisoners of war and civilian internees via Frankfurt (Oder). After the end of the Second World War, thousands of people moved through Frankfurt (Oder) every day. To the east, these were Soviet citizens, prisoners of war and former forced laborers, some of whom were forcibly repatriated to the Soviet Union. In addition, many Germans were deported to Soviet camps as prisoners of war or civil internees . Expelled Germans, released prisoners of war and civilian interned men, women and children came from the east. In Frankfurt, a number of camps and emergency hospitals were set up to accommodate them, as many of them returned from captivity seriously ill and could not be transported. Many people had to be buried in Frankfurt who had died during the transport or shortly after their arrival due to illness and exhaustion. The exhibition describes the situation in the city at that time and presents the history of the returnees with many original exhibits as well as sound and video installations.
History of the Viadrina Museum
In the Lienauhaus
The "Historical-Statistical Association of Frankfurt ad O.", which has existed since 1860, the Association for Natural Sciences and the Art Association had compiled their own collections by 1905. Only now did they have the opportunity to purchase a house in order to present their collection treasures. The patrician house built around 1780 by town planning inspector Martin Friedrich Knoblauch (or in 1788 by Karl Friedrich Bohne ) owned by the Lienau family of wine merchants was to be sold after the business was liquidated. Around one hundred Frankfurt citizens founded a museum company in order to be able to buy the house at Oderstrasse 15 (today about Kleine Oderstrasse 2). The purchase was made through financial donations from the city and the provincial government. The associations put their collections together and on May 20, 1905 the “Museum of Art and Science” was opened. In 1923 the house and the collection of Martin Michael Lienau became the property of the city. The exhibits included the interior of the house with tiled stoves, pieces of furniture and wooden sculptures, numerous images with depictions of the city and Frankfurt personalities. There were also collections of ceramics and pewter, coins and medals from Brandenburg / Prussia, collections of geology, botany, prehistory and early history and ethnology. There was also a large library with literary works, in particular by and about Heinrich von Kleist. In 1936 the house was renamed the "Oderland Museum". The museum for Heinrich and Ewald Christian von Kleist , established in 1922 in Heinrich von Kleist's birthplace , was moved to the Oderland Museum in 1937 and moved into two showrooms. In 1945 the house burned down at the end of the Second World War . An eyewitness reported about a Red Army loot squad that collected items deemed valuable and a subsequent fire squad that burned the house down at great expense.
In the junker's house
The city council under Mayor Else Noack made some rooms in the Junkerhaus available to the museum by council resolution in 1956 . On August 15, 1957, director Ernst Walter Huth began building the museum “with empty hands and in empty rooms” on the first floor. In March 1959 a prehistory and early history exhibition was shown in three rooms on the first floor. In March 1962, the exhibition was expanded to include pieces from the city's medieval history, the majority of which came from pieces recovered from the destroyed city center. Before the Great Philosophical College of the Alma Mater Viadrina was blown up on December 20, 1962, a cast of the portal was taken and placed at the entrance of the Junker House. From October 20, 1962, concerts by the Staatskapelle Berlin will take place in the museum on historical musical instruments under the direction of the Frankfurt composer and cantor Hans Stein (* 1909; † 1978). At the request of the museum director at the city council under Fritz Krause , the name was changed to “Museum Viadrina” in 1969.
After Ernst Walter Huth left in 1979, the new director Joachim Winkler continued to enlarge the exhibition and the collections. In 1970 the city bought the collection of historical musical instruments from the musical eccentric Berol Kaiser-Reka (* 1930). The collection is presented in the museum and presented by Kaiser-Reka in the context of musical lectures. In 1974, on the occasion of the 75th concert on historical musical instruments, the "Convivium musicum viadrianae" was founded under the direction of Hans Stein. In 1979 a department for Frankfurt music history is opened with the redesign of the Reka collection of historical musical instruments in four rooms. In 1982 the exhibition "Prehistory and Early History of the Oder-Spree Area" was reopened, the magazine in Gartenstrasse was expanded and the permanent exhibition "1933 to 1945 in the area of the Frankfurt (Oder) district " opened. In March 1986 the exhibition rooms had to be closed due to the risk of collapse. The exhibits of the Reka collection of historical musical instruments were shown in the music cabinet in the double parsonage of the Nikolaikirche (today Frankfurt (Oder) city archive ). The concerts on historical musical instruments took place in the restored sacristy of the Marienkirche .
At the beginning of 1991 Siegfried Griesa became the museum director. Despite the ongoing renovation work, lecture series were held in the foyer and in one room. In 1991 the construction of the memorial and documentation center “Victims of Political Tyranny” began. In the same year, the school collection created by Achim Heselbarth was taken over and shown in the school rooms provided on Wieckestrasse. After these rooms were no longer available, the school museum in the school building Potsdamer Strasse 4 was re-established and opened in 1992. A partial opening of the exhibition "Victims of Political Tyranny" in the former remand prison at Collegienstraße 19 took place on June 17, 1994. The exhibition and demonstration of historical musical instruments in the double rectory at Collegienstraße 9 was given up after Berol Kaiser-Reka's departure from Frankfurt. From October 12, 1996, instruments were shown and demonstrated in the Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach concert hall . With the exhibition “The Viadrina - a Prussian University in the 18th Century” from June 9th to October 14th 2001 on the occasion of the so-called Prussian Year, the ground floor could be returned to the Viadrina Museum for use. In December 2001, the Viadrina Museum and the Young Art Museum merged to form the City Museum Young Art and Viadrina. Brigitte Rieger-Jähner, who was previously head of the Museum of Young Art, became director. In 2003 the Viadrina Museum can be reopened in the renovated Junkerhaus with a new exhibition on the city and regional history.
literature
- Martina Breitmoser, Günter Fromm, Martin Schieck, Rüdiger Sielaff: Accompanying booklet Memorial and Documentation Center "Victims of Political Tyranny" . Ed .: Museum Viadrina Frankfurt [Oder]. Frankfurt (Oder) 2010.
Web links
- Website of the Kulturbetriebe Frankfurt (Oder)
- Website of the Viadrina Museum
- Website of the Museum of Young Art
Individual evidence
- ↑ Resolution minutes of October 27, 1964 of the resolution draft of the Frankfurt (Oder) district, resolution 206-26 / 64, Annex 5, p. 6.
- ↑ a b c Brigitte Rieger-Jähner: The checkered history of the Museum of Young Art 1965-2012. In: www.museum-junge-kunst.de. Retrieved August 15, 2016 .
- ^ Exhibition "50 Years of the Museum of Young Art - 50 Years of Exhibitions" - Town Hall / Ballroom. In: www.museum-junge-kunst.de. Retrieved August 17, 2016 .
- ↑ Packhof of the Museum Junge Kunst Frankfurt (Oder). In: www.museum-junge-kunst.de. Retrieved August 15, 2016 .
- ↑ a b Susanne Rost: Frankfurt (Oder) is converting his old prison into a cultural center / memorial advisory board appalled: the former execution room becomes a café. In: Berliner Zeitung . Retrieved March 6, 2015 .
- ↑ Gladow gang executed. Executioner in custody - BZ Berlin. In: bz-berlin.de. Retrieved March 6, 2015 .
- ↑ RG-14.068 Postwar East German Investigative Court Cases and Trials to Nazi War Crimes, 1945–1990. In: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives. Retrieved March 6, 2015 .
- ↑ DY 30 / IV 2/2/204 Minutes No. 104 of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the SED of the meeting on March 25, 1952. (No longer available online.) In: Das Bundesarchiv. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on March 6, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Museum Viadrina - Horn barracks exhibition. In: www.museum-viadrina.de. Retrieved August 16, 2016 .
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