Justus Christian Hennings

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Justus Christian Hennings

Justus Christian Hennings (born March 20, 1731 in Gebstedt ; † August 30, 1815 in Jena ) was a German moral philosopher and enlightener.

Life

Justus Christian came from a Protestant family of pastors who came from the Low German area and provided pastors in Norway, Denmark and Germany. His great-great-grandfather Ambrosius Hennings (born July 10, 1567 in Lübeck; † May 15, 1642 in Copenhagen) was already a pastor in Bergen, Norway, and his son, Justus Christian's great-grandfather, Simon Hennings, worked as a pastor in Bremen after a stay in Copenhagen and his grandfather Simon Hennings (born May 2, 1644 in Copenhagen; † January 30, 1695 in Rostock) became a doctor of theology and pastor at St. Jacob's Church in Rostock. Justus Christian himself was born as the son of pastor Johann Christian Hennings and his second wife, who was married in 1728, the merchant's daughter Johanette Christiana Röder (* July 12, 1707 in Langensalza; † April 4, 1794 in Jena).

After extensive basic training, he moved to the University of Jena , where he was registered in the university's register as early as 1746. Here he attended lectures by Joachim Georg Darjes , Johann Peter Reusch and Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch, among others . On April 24, 1756 he acquired the academic degree of a master's degree in philosophy and then took part in the university's disputation as a private lecturer. On March 24, 1758 he was appointed adjunct of the philosophical faculty and in early 1765 he became an associate professor of philosophy in Jena. After Darjes left Jena, he was given preference over all applicants for his position, including the young Immanuel Kant . So on December 21, 1765 he became professor of moral philosophy and politics and in 1783 professor of logic and metaphysics at Salana.

In the course of his university activities he became a member of the Royal Prussian Society of Sciences in Frankfurt / Oder, assessor of the Royal Danish Norwegian Academy in Drontheim, as well as the ducal German Society of Higher Sciences in Jena and honorary member of the Mineralogical Society in Jena. In addition, he was appointed court councilor of Saxe-Coburg and Meiningen. He also took part in the organizational tasks of the Salana. He was dean of the philosophical faculty several times and in the summer semesters 1776, 1786, 1804 and in the winter semester 1804 rector of the alma mater . Henning is best known for his writings against the superstition prevailing at the time, with which he tried to turn against the belief in witches. Although he was open to the ideas of rationalism of a Kant, he nevertheless remained in a theological thinking that had influenced him. This also had an effect on his lectures, which were felt to be antiquated in his time, whereupon the frequency of his presentations decreased.

Henning married the Leipzig merchant's daughter Johanna Gertraud Mey on June 15, 1760 († September 9, 1813 in Jena). The bookseller and publisher in Erfurt and Gotha are known from his children, as well as the ducal Saxon-Meiningen secret legation councilor Johann Wilhelm Christoph Hennings (born April 5, 1771 in Jena; † February 15, 1838 in Gotha) and August Simon Ambrosius Hennings (6 March 1776 University of Jena hc, Dr. jur., 1798–1801 court advisor, 1806–1810 second town clerk and guardianship accountant, 1811-June 1831 town court registrar).

Works (selection)

  • Diss. Philos. In qua disquiritur quaestio, an & qua ratine matrimonium coactum secundum jus naturae esse possit licitum. Jena 1756 (Resp. Heinrich Adolph Hinrichsen, online )
  • Diss. De notione libertatis divinae per viam eminentiae investiganda. Jena 1757 (Resp. Andreas Wilder, online )
  • Diss. Quae inquirit in quaestionem, quonam sensu omnipraesentia deo ante mundum conditum sit tribuenda. Jena 1757
  • Diss. Philosophica quaestionem continens, utrum somnus animae humanae ex principio interno an potius eterno refutari debeat. Jena 1758 (Resp. Lucas Johann Brenner, online )
  • Diss. Quae ex Genes. III, 22, probat, electionem hominis e paradiso signum fuisse benignitatis divinae. Jena 1759 (Resp.Johann Conrad Heine, online )
  • Diss. Juris naturalis de juris quantitate et effectu inde pedente. Jena 1760 (Resp.Johann Martin Rüling (* 1740), online )
  • Practical logic. Jena 1764 ( online )
  • Progr. An et quomondo ex actionis sacilitate moralitas determinari possit. Jena 1766
  • Moral and Political Treatise on the Path to Wisdom and Prudence. Jena 1766
  • Compendium metaphysicum usibus auditorii accommodatum. Jena 1768
  • History of the souls of humans and animals, designed pragmatically. Hall 1774 ( online )
  • Critical-historical textbook of theoretical philosophy. Leipzig 1774 ( online )
  • JG Walch's Philosophical Lexicon, in which the materials and artificial words occurring in all parts of philosophy are explained, explained from history, the disputes of the older and newer philosophers are told and judged and the writings belonging to them are cited; increased with many new additions and articles, and continued up to the present time, as well as provided with a short critical history of philosophy from Brucker's great works. 4th ed. 2nd vol. Jena 1775 ( online )
  • New Philosophical Library. Jena 1774–1776
  • From the punishments and visions. Leipzig 1777 (1st volume online ), Jena 1783 (2nd volume online )
  • Anthrophological and pneumatological aphorisms. Jena 1777 ( online )
  • Statutory prejudices, disputed in various treatises. Riga 1778 ( online )
  • The unity of God, tested from various points of view, and even corroborated by pagan testimonies. Altenburg 1779 ( online )
  • Life story of the benevolent councilor Joh. Ernst Immanuel Walch: designed in his glorious memory. Jena 1780 ( online )
  • Of ghosts and spirit seers. Leipzig 1780 ( online )
  • Visions, especially of recent and recent times, placed in a philosophical light; a pedant to the author's previous writings on punishments, visions, spirits and visionaries. Altenburg 1781 ( online )
  • Moral doctrine of reason. Altenburg 1782
  • From the punishments and visions. Leipzig 1783, 2nd volume (2nd volume online ) also under the title Von Ahndungen der Thiere, explained by examples from natural history. Leipzig 1783
  • Of dreams and night walkers. Weimar 1784 ( online )
  • The means to protect the human body and its limbs against many kinds of fire and the lasting effects of water; also to save people and valuables from these dangers. Ansbach 1790 ( online )
  • Philosophical library of the various opinions on today's affairs of humanity, from related writings presented critically and without partheygesist. Hamburg 1794

literature

Web link

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Christian Hennings (born September 16, 1694 in Rostock; † March 21, 1742 in Jena), 1708 Lübeck High School, 1710 University of Rostock, 1712 University of Greifswald and Kiel University, then again Rostock, one and a half years Stralsund as a candidate for theology, about He came to Weimar in Leipzig, in 1718 a collaborator at St. Jacob Weimar, in 1719 pastor Gerbstedt, 1737 pastor and adjunct Berka / Ilm, 1742 deacon Jena, his first marriage was to Anna Dorothea Hecker (* 1696 in Erfurt; † 29 May 1727 in Gebstedt), the daughter of the general superintendent in Hildburghausen Johann Wilhelm Hecker (born October 10, 1668 in Buttstädt; † October 1741 (1743) in Weißenfels) and his wife Anna Dorothea Kilmar († January 19, 1743 in Weißenfels). From his children we still know: Johann Christian Hennings (* October 3, 1720 in Gebstedt), Sophia Dorothea Eleonora Hennings (* December 10, 1712 in Gebstedt, † November 6, 1726 ibid.), Luise Wilhelmine Hennings (* May 21 1724 in Gebstedt), Sophie Dorothea Hennings (* May 26, 1727 in Gebstedt, † February 20, 1731 ibid.), Daughter NN. Hennings (* and † May 26, 1727 in Gebstedt), Johanette Charlotte Hennings (* September 6, 1729 in Gebstedt), Johann Karl Hennings (* March 13, 1734 in Gebstedt, † April 14, 1734 ibid.), Johann Karl Hennings (born August 8, 1736 in Gebstedt) see: Gottfried Albin von Wette, Johann Friedrich Hirt: Evangelisches Jena or complete news from all the evangelical preachers in Jena and the dioces belonging to it, from the blessed Reformation to our times. Christian Friedrich Gollner, Jena, 1756, p. 170, ( online ); Johann Werner Krauss: Antiquitates et Memorabilia historiae Franconicae. In particular, the origins, furnishings and merits of the Princely Resident City of Hildburghausen, from the oldest to the present time from established watch customers. Johann Gottfried Hanisch, Hildburghausen, 1753, p. 252 ( online ); Friedrich Meinhof: Pastors' book of Thuringia. Saxe-Weimar. Volume 8. (draft)
  2. ^ Günther Steiger, Otto Köhler: The register of the University of Jena. 1723 to 1764. Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale), 1969, p. 492
  3. ^ Johann Ernst Basilius Wiedeburg: Description of the city of Jena according to its topographical, political and academic constitution. Jena, 1785, p. 605, ( online )
  4. ^ Johanna Salomon: The partnership for the entire mineralogy of Jena under Goethe and Johann Georg Lenz. Böhlau, Cologne, 1990, ISBN 3412024880 , p. 208
  5. ↑ m. with Friederike Seifert, children of Justus Friedrich Theodor Hennings († April 1855 in Neisse), Eduard Hennings (-1848 in Gotha), Alexander Hennings, Bernhard Hennings (-1852 in Gotha), Ferdinand Hennings (see newspaper for the German nobility. Heinrich Franke, Leipzig, 1840, p. 370 f. Online ) and GND: 116717092
  6. ↑ Katja Deinhardt: Stacked City of Knowledge: Jena as a university town between 1770 and 1830. Böhlau, Cologne, 2007, ISBN 9783412118068 , p. 171 u. 383
personal data
SURNAME Hennings, Justus Christian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German moral philosopher and enlightener
DATE OF BIRTH March 20, 1731
PLACE OF BIRTH Gebstedt
DATE OF DEATH August 30, 1815
Place of death Jena