Juthungen
Juthungen (Greek Iouthungi , Latin Iuthungi ) were a likely Alemannic tribe north of the Danube and Altmühl .
The Juthungen are already mentioned by the historian Dexippos at the time of the imperial crisis of the 3rd century and by the late ancient Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus (330–395). In contrast to other Alemannic tribes such as the Breisgauer (Latin Brisgavi ), Bucinobanten (Latin Bucinobantes ) and the Lentiens (Latin Lentienses ), the tribal name Juthungen does not designate their area of origin, but the tribe itself. The name means something like "descendants , Progeny"; this word meaning refers to a connection with the Suebian tribe of the Semnones .
In the years 259/260 the Juthung invaded Italy, but were marched back on the 24th and 25th. Beaten on April 260 by Marcus Simplicinius Genialis near Augsburg , as the so-called Augsburg Victory Altar found in 1992 attests to.
During these years the Limes area was lost to the Roman Empire or was evacuated by the Romans as a result of internal power struggles in the empire itself. 270/71 ( Battle of Placentia and Battle of Pavia ) the Juthung invaded Italy and were finally defeated by Emperor Aurelian . Between 356 and 358, together with the Alemanni, an incursion into the province of Raetien took place , during which the legion camp of Regensburg was destroyed. During the renewed advance to Raetia in 383, the Juthungen were repulsed by an army of Alans and Huns . The western Roman magister militum (army master) Aëtius fought successfully against the Juthung between 429 and 431 in the provinces of Raetia and Noricum . After that, they disappear from historical sources.
swell
- Augsburg Victory Altar (around 260)
- Dexippos - FGrHist 100 (around 270/271)
- Panegyrici Latini VIII 10, 4 (around 297, counted from the edition by RAB Mynors)
- Ammianus Marcellinus 17, 6 (wrote around 390)
- Sidonius Apollinaris , c. 7, 233 (around 429/430)
literature
- Karlheinz Fuchs, Martin Kempa, Rainer Redies: The Alamanni . 4th edition. License issue. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1535-9 (exhibition catalog, Stuttgart et al., State Archaeological Museum Baden-Württemberg et al., 1997–1998).
- Dieter Geuenich : History of the Alemanni . 2nd revised edition. Verlag Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-17-018227-7 ( Urban pocket books 575).
- Günter Neumann , Dieter Geuenich: Juthungen . In: Johannes Hoops : Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Volume 16: Jadwingen - small seal . Published by Heinrich Beck . 2nd completely revised and greatly expanded edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-016782-4 , pp. 141ff.
- Ingemar König : The Postumus inscription from Augsburg . In: Historia 46, 1997, ISSN 0018-2311 , pp. 341-354.
- Egon Schallmayer (Ed.): The Augsburg victory altar. Testimony to a troubled time . Saalburgmuseum, Bad Homburg 1995, ISBN 3-931267-01-6 ( Saalburgschrift 2), (exhibition catalog).