Kingdom of Gumma

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The Kingdom of Gumma was one of several kingdoms that are in the 19th century in the region Gibe in Ethiopia formed.

To the east it was limited by a bend in the Didessa . The river separated it from Limmu-Ennarea in the northeast and Gomma and Gera in the south. Beyond the northern border lay various tribes of the Macha Oromo and to the west the Sidamo .

This former kingdom was mostly located on a plateau at an average altitude of 2000 meters above sea level. According to estimates from 1880 , the population was 50,000. Its inhabitants were known as warriors.

history

The later kings of Gumma traced their origins back to a man named Adam , who settled in this area around 1770 and is said to have helped in the deposition of the last king of the previous dynasty, Sarborada . In his discussion of this tradition, the historian Mohammed Hassen suggests that this may have served to Islamize the founder of the dynasty.

King Jawa was converted to Islam by traders from Shewa and Begemder and forced this belief on his subjects.

In 1882 the king of Gumma Abba Jubir convinced the kings of Ennerea, Gomma and Jimma to form an alliance ("Muslim League") to counter the threat posed by some of the Macha Oromo. These then formed their own alliance, the "League of the Four Oromo". Initially, the Muslim League had little success against the threat, as Abba Jabir received no support from the other members against the macha. However, when his older brother Abba Digir was captured, the people of Ennerea came to the rescue. Even together, Abba Jubir was not more successful and had to agree to a truce with the Macha to bring his brother back. Abba Jubir later started a war against Jimma and conquered the capital even though Gomma and Limmu-Enera had allied themselves with Jimma.

Even after the failure of the Muslim League , Gumma remained a stronghold of Islam and offered asylum for people who were banished from other Gibe kingdoms. The Emperor Menelik II conquered the kingdom in 1885 . Firisia , son of the last king, returned to his father's land in 1899 and declared a jihad against the conquerors. Ultimately, Firisia was captured in 1901 and shortly afterwards executed in Jimma .

See also

literature

  1. ^ Charles F. Beckingham, George WB Huntingford (Ed.): Some records of Ethiopia 1593-1646. Being extracts from The history of high Ethiopia or Arbassia by Manoel de Almeida. Together with Bahrey's History of the Galla (= Works issued by the Hakluyt Society . Ser. 2, Vol. 107, ISSN  0072-9396 ). Hakluyt Society, London 1954, p. Lxxix.
  2. ^ Mohammed Hassen: The Oromo of Ethiopia. A History, 1570-1860. 1st American edition. Red Sea Press, Trenton NJ 1994, ISBN 0-932415-94-6 , p. 108.
  3. ^ A b J. Spencer Trimingham : Islam in Ethiopia. Geoffrey Cumberlege for the Oxford University Press, London et al. 1952, p. 202.
  4. ^ Charles F. Beckingham, George WB Huntingford (Ed.): Some records of Ethiopia 1593-1646. Being extracts from The history of high Ethiopia or Arbassia by Manoel de Almeida. Together with Bahrey's History of the Galla (= Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. Ser. 2, Vol. 107, ISSN  0072-9396 ). Hakluyt Society, London 1954, pp. Lxxxvii f.