Kückenmühler institutions

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Parts of the listed building ensemble Kückenmühle
The Kückenmühler Anstalten around 1900

The Kückenmühler Anstalten , often simply called the Kückenmühle , were a diaconal institution in Nemitz near and later in Stettin in Pomerania from 1863 to 1940 .

history

The name Kückenmühle goes back to a water mill near the village of Nemitz near Stettin, which was incorporated in 1900. Gustav Jahn , the head of the Züllchower Anstalten , acquired the mill including a stable and the 14  acre property in 1863. He had been collecting donations since 1860 for the establishment of an “institute for the idiot ” as an institution for the Inner Mission .

On October 14, 1863, operations began in the converted and expanded building with initially 3  pupils and 5 carers. The first director of the institution was Pastor Wilhelm Bernhard (1843–1908). After 25 years there were 238 pupils and 60 carers. The Prussian Forced Upbringing Act of 1878 had also brought additional inmates to the institutions with the admission of neglected children under the age of 12 and juvenile offenders . The residents were taught like at a “good elementary school ” and were employed in agriculture and cattle breeding as well as a tree nursery .

By 1909 the property had been enlarged and the facility used 75 buildings. 1100 residents were looked after by 200 employees. The Züllchower Anstalten also operated an institute for epileptics nearby ( Tabor , since 1882), which was merged with the Kückenmühle in 1891. In 1883 the deaconess mother house of the Kückenmühler Anstalten and later a " Krüppelanstalt " ( Bethesda , since 1908) in Stettin was built . Until 1915, the institutions were not allowed to accept any “genuinely mentally ill ” patients.

The institutions of the Inner Mission were organized as commercial enterprises and were dependent on maintenance fees and donations for their financing. As a result of the global economic crisis , the Züllchower Anstalten became insolvent in 1931 . The subsidiary Kückenmühler Anstalten took over the facilities. In 1932 the Züllchow Brothers House was also relocated to Kückenmühle.

Due to the law for the prevention of hereditary offspring from 1933, the residents of the Kückenmühler institutions were forcibly sterilized , which the director welcomed as a "necessary and healing measure".

In 1938 the Kückenmühler Anstalten had around 1500 inmates and were the largest diaconal institution in Pomerania. On April 24, 1940, Gauleiter Schwede-Coburg ordered the evacuation within three months, which was carried out within four weeks. Most of the physically or mentally handicapped residents were transported to other institutions and later murdered in Operation T4 . On December 4, 1940, the Reich Ministry of the Interior ordered the final dissolution of the Kückenmühler Anstalten .

In 1945 W. Liesenhoff and G. Janczikowsky initiate the new beginning of diaconal work in the Evangelical Church Community of Züssow . The content-related work was thus continued in the tradition of the Kückenmühler Anstalten. The inauguration of the first building of the Züssower Diakonie-Anstalten began as early as 1950–1952; the facilities were continuously expanded and modernized until after 1990. After 1990 the work was continued under the name "Pommerscher Diakonie Verein Züssow eV".

Monument protection

The buildings of the Züllchower Anstalten and Bethesda were destroyed in air raids in 1944. The buildings and facilities in Kückenmühle have largely been preserved. They are registered under the number 1035 as a listed building in the database of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Quotes

" Kückenmühle, idiot institute, s. Nemitz. "

- "Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon" (1907)

“ You are crazy my child,
you come to Kückenmühl,
where the crazy people are,
you have to move there. (Old nursery rhyme from Pomerania) "

- Friedrich Bartels : “Traces of Kückenmühler. The history of the Kückenmühler Anstalten in Stettin "

See also

Web links

Commons : Kückenmühler Anstalten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f The Kückenmühle near Stettin. A look at the Pomeranian institute for the feeble-minded in: Evangelical monthly newspaper for the German school , 1888, pages 334–339, accessed on December 30, 2015
  2. ↑ Nemitz . In: Meyers . 6th edition. Volume 14, p.  508 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Chronicle. Pommerscher Diakonieverein e. V., accessed December 30, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Cf. Eckhard Wendt: Stettiner Lebensbilder (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania . Series V, Volume 40). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-412-09404-8 , p. 65 f.
  5. ^ Dietrich Oberwittler : From punishment to education ?: Juvenile crime policy in England and Germany (1850-1920). Campus, 2000, p. 129 , accessed December 30, 2015 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Friedrich Bartels: The Inner Mission in Pomerania in the 19th and 20th centuries. Their roots - their developments - their changes. (PDF, 958 kB). (No longer available online.) Pommerscher Diakonieverein e. V., pp. 6-9 , archived from the original on March 7, 2014 ; Retrieved on December 30, 2015 (lecture on the occasion of the commemoration of the foundation of the Provincial Association for Inner Mission in Pomerania on February 28, 1849 in Szczecin).
  7. ^ NN: Overview of the history of care for the mentally ill in Pomerania. ns-eugenik.de, accessed December 30, 2015 .
  8. ^ A b c Annette Klinkhardt: Friedrich Bartels: "I wanted the story to be finally uncovered". Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany, September 23, 2013, accessed on December 30, 2015 (press release on the book presentation "Kückenmühler traces. The history of the Kückenmühler Anstalten in Stettin" ).
  9. ↑ Kückenmühle . In: Meyers . 6th edition. Volume 11, p.  764 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 27 ′ 18 ″  N , 14 ° 31 ′ 48 ″  E