Kali (genus)

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Potash
Kali brine (Kali turgidum)

Kali brine ( Kali turgidum )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Salsoloideae
Tribe : Salsoleae
Genre : Potash
Scientific name
Potash
Mill.

Kali is a genus of plants inthe foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). These species were included in the genus of the salt herbs ( Salsola )until 2007.

description

Potash brine , illustration

The genus Kali mainly includes annual herbaceous plants (with the exception of the perennial Kali griffithii ). The semicircular, often fleshy leaves, widened at the base, end in a spike tip.

The hermaphrodite flowers sit individually in the axilla of a bract and two bracts , these are also spiky. The inflorescence consists of five free tepals . There are five stamens with elongated anthers in front of the tepals . The almost spherical ovary has a thin stylus and ends in two thread-like scars.

The fruit usually remains enclosed by the flower envelope. Wing-like appendages form on the back of the tepals, which are significantly smaller and narrower in the two inner tepals.

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 9.

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the genus Kali extends from Western Europe to East Asia and in a north-south direction from the coasts of Scandinavia to the southern Mediterranean area , to the Persian Gulf and to the Himalayas . The main focus of distribution is in Central Asia and Central Asia .

Several species have been introduced in North America and South America . Kali tragus is also distributed as an introduced species in South Africa and Australia .

The species often colonize semi-deserts and steppes and can be found in open, salty or dry locations.

Systematics

Ruthenian brine ( Kali tragus ), fruit cluster
Kali komarovii

The genus Kali was established by Philip Miller in 1754 (in: The Gardeners Dictionary ... Abridged ... fourth edition ). The type species is Kali turgidum .

Until 2007, these species were considered a section of the genus salt herbs ( Salsola ). By phylogenetic studies (Akhani et al. 2007), it became clear that the salt herbs consist of several separate kinship groups, so the former section was used as a separate genus Kali separated.

Synonyms of Kali Mill. Are Salsola sect. Kali Dumort. and Salsola sect. Kali (Mill.) Ulbr.

The genus Kali contains around 23 species. It can be divided into three sections, for which only names under Salsola exist so far .

  • Section 1 (as Salsola subsect. Griffithia Rilke ):
    • Kali griffithii (Bunge) Akhani & EHRoalson (Syn .: Noaea griffithii Bunge , Salsola griffithii (Bunge) Freitag & Khani ): It occurs in southeastern Iran, southern Afghanistan and Pakistan (Balochistan).
  • Section 2 (as Salsola subsect. Rosaceae Rilke ):
    • Kali rosaceum (L.) Moench (Syn .: Salsola rosacea L. ): It is widespread from Central Asia to the Chinese Xinjiang.
    • Kali tamariscinum (Pall.) Akhani & EHRoalson (Syn .: Salsola tamariscina Pall. ): It occurs from Southeastern Europe (Ukraine) via Central Asia to the Chinese Xinjiang.
  • Section Kali (as Salsola subsect. Kali ), a group of closely related clans:
    • Kali australe (R. Br.) Akhani & EHRoalson (Syn .: Salsola kali R.Br. ). This clan was often seen as a synonym for Kali tragus , but was phylogenetically separated.
    • Mound salt herb ( Kali collinum (Pall.) Akhani & EHRoalson , Syn .: Salsola collina Pall. ): It is native to Central and East Asia and is also introduced in Europe and North America.
    • Kali jacquemontii (Moq.) Akhani & EHRoalson (Syn .: Salsola jacquemontii Moq. ): It occurs in the Pamir, Hindu Kush, Karakoram and the inner Himalayas.
    • Kali ikonnikovii (Iljin) Akhani & EHRoalson (Syn .: Salsola ikonnikovii Iljin ): It occurs in the Chinese province of Mongolia.
    • Kali komarovii (Iljin) Akhani & EHRoalson (Syn .: Salsola komarovii Iljin ): It is native to East Asia.
    • Kali tragus aggregate ( Syn.Salsola kali aggregate):
      • Kali paulsenii (Litv.) Akhani & EHRoalson (Syn .: Salsola paulsenii Litv. ): It is widespread from Southeast Europe through Southwest and Central Asia to the Chinese Xinjiang. It is also introduced in North America.
      • Kali salt herb ( Kali turgidum (Dumort.) Guterm. , Syn .: Kali soda Moench , Salsola kali L. ): It is widespread in Europe, especially on the coasts of the Baltic Sea, North Sea and Atlantic.
      • Kali tamamschjanae (Iljin) Akhani & EHRoalson , (Syn .: Salsola tamamschjanae Iljin ): It is limited to Transcaucasia and the Iranian province of Azerbaijan.
      • Ruthenian salt herb ( Kali tragus (L.) Scop. , Syn .: Salsola tragus L. ): Native of the Mediterranean region through Southeast Europe to Southwest and Central Asia, this species is also found in America, South Africa and Australia.
    • Kali zaidamicum (Iljin) Akhani & EH Roalson (Syn .: Salsola zaidamica Iljin ): It is native to Mongolia and China.
  • in addition there are the newer types:
    • Kali basalticum C. Brullo, Brullo, Gaskin, Giusso, Hrusa & Salmeri (2015): it was discovered in Sicily on Mount Etna .
    • Kali dodecanesicum C. Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Ilardi (2015): is endemic to the Greek islands of Rhodes , Kos and Nisyros .
    • Kali gobicola (Iljin) Brullo & Hrusa (2015), (Syn .: Salsola gobicola Iljin )
    • Kali macrophyllum (R.Br.) Galasso & Bartolucci (2014), (Syn .: Salsola macrophylla R.Br. , Salsola tragus L. subsp. Pontica (Pall.) Rilke )
    • Kali monopterum (Bunge) Lomon. (2012), (Syn .: Salsola monoptera Bunge )
    • Kali nepalensis (Grubov) Brullo, Giusso & Hrusa (2015), (Syn .: Salsola nepalensis Grubov )
    • Kali pellucidum (Litv.) Brullo, Giusso & Hrusa (2015), (Syn .: Salsola pellucida Litv. )
    • Kali praecox (litv.) Sukhor. (2011), (Syn .: Salsola praecox (Litv.) Iljin )
    • Kali ryanii (Hrusa & Gaskin) Brullo & Hrusa (2015), (Syn .: Salsola ryanii Hrusa & Gaskin )
    • Kali sinkiangense (AJLi) Brullo, Giusso & Hrusa (2015), (Syn .: Salsola sinkiangensis A.J.Li )

In 2014, Mosyakin et al. proposed to define Salsola kali (= Kali turgida ) as a new type for the genus Salsola . If this suggestion is followed, all species of the genus Kali will again belong to Salsola .

Economical meaning

Some species, particularly Kali tragus , cause problems as weeds in America .

supporting documents

  • Sabrina Rilke: Salsola sect. Salsola . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Ed.): Flora Iranica , Volume 172 - Chenopodiaceae . Graz, Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, 1997, pp. 178–189. ISBN 3-201-00728-5 . (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Sabrina Rilke: Revision of the section Salsola SL of the genus Salsola (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Bibliotheca Botanica , Issue 149, 1999. ISBN 978-3-510-48020-3 (abstract online)
  2. ^ Entry in Tropicos , accessed February 22, 2012
  3. ↑ a b c Hossein Akhani, Gerald Edwards & Eric H. Roalson: Diversification Of The Old World Salsoleae SL (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Of Nuclear And Chloroplast Data Sets And A Revised Classification , in: International Journal of Plant Sciences , 168 ( 6), 2007, p. 946.
  4. ↑ a b Walter Gutermann: Notulae nomenclaturales 41-45. New names at Cruciata and Kali and some minor corrections . In: Phyton (Horn) 51 (1), 2011: p. 98)
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Sabrina Rilke: Salsola sect. Salsola . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Ed.): Flora Iranica , Volume 172 - Chenopodiaceae . Graz, Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, 1997, pp. 184, 185, 189. ISBN 3-201-00728-5 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Salsola - online . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X (English).
  7. ↑ Pertti Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Salsola kali -Aggregrat - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Cristian Brullo, Salvatore Brullo, John F. Gaskin, Gianpietro Giusso, George Frederic Hrusa & Cristina Salmeri: A new species of Kali (Salsoloideae, Chenopodiaceae) from Sicily, supported by molecular analysis. In: Phytotaxa 201 (4): 259th 2015 (5 Mar 2015, epublished).
  9. ↑ Cristian Brullo, Salvatore Brullo, Vincenzo Ilardi, Gianpietro Giusso Del Galdo: Kali dodecanesicum (Chenopodiaceae, Salsoloideae) a new species from Greece. In: Phytotaxa 218 (1): 63. 2015 (30 Jun 2015, epublished). doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.218.1.4
  10. ↑ Galasso & Bartolucci: Informatore Botanico Italiano 46 (1): 83. 2014. / Notula: 2070 (Kali macrophyllum, comb. Nov.). In: Notulae alla checklist della flora vascolare italiana: 17 (2027-2070).
  11. ^ Kali monopterum , International Plant Names Index , accessed January 15, 2016.
  12. ^ Kali praecox , International Plant Names Index , accessed January 15, 2016.
  13. ↑ Sergei L. Mosyakin, Sabrina Rilke & Helmut Freitag: (2323) Proposal to conserve the name Salsola (Chenopodiaceae s.str .; Amaranthaceae sensu APG) with a conserved type . In: Taxon 63 (5), pp. 1134-1135, 2014. doi : 10.12705 / 635.15
  14. ↑ Salsola tragus at GRIN

Web links

Commons : Salsola  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Illustrations of several species in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 (English).