Salt herbs
Salt herbs | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Salsola | ||||||||||||
L. |
The salt herbs ( Salsola ) are a genus of plants in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). The botanical genus name is derived from the Latin salsus for salty, according to the habitats of many species.
description
Salt herbs are rarely annual , herbaceous plants , but usually half shrubs , bushes and small trees . The mostly alternate, rarely opposite, arranged leaves are sessile, simple and have a smooth leaf margin.
The flowers stand together individually or in clusters of partial inflorescences , which in turn are grouped together in paniculate or annual total inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are fivefold. There are five bracts . There are only five stamens in each flower . The stylus ends in two scars.
The fruit is spherical. The embryo is spiral. There is no perisperm . The seed coat is black or brown.
The basic chromosome number is x = 9.
Systematics
The genus name Salsola was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Type species is Salsola soda L.
The genus Salsola belongs to the tribe Salsoleae s. st. in the subfamily of the Salsoloideae within the family of the Amaranthaceae . On the basis of molecular genetic data, Akhani et al. 2007 the species of the so far very species-rich (over 100 species) genus Salsola s. l. divided into two tribes: Tribus Salsoleae s. st. and the new tribe Caroxyloneae , each with several genera. Synonyms for Salsola s. st. are: Darniella Maire & Weiller , Fadenia Aellen & Townsend , Neocaspia Tzvelev , Hypocylix Wol. , Seidlitzia Bunge ex Boiss. , Salsola sect. Coccosalsola Fenzl subsect. Coccosalsola and Salsola sect. Obpyrifolia Botsch. & Akhani .
The genus Salsola s. st. since Akhani et al. 2007 only 24 to 25 species:
- Salsola acutifolia (Bunge.) Botsch.
- Salsola cruciata Chevall. ex batt. & Trabut : It occurs in Algeria.
- Salsola cyrenaica (Maire & Weiller) Brullo
- Salsola drummondii Ulbr.
- Salsola florida (M.Bieb.) Poir.
- Salsola foliosa (L.) Schrad.
- Salsola glomerata (Maire) Brullo : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
- Salsola grandis Freitag, Vural & N.Adigüzel : It occurs in Turkey.
- Salsola gymnomaschala Maire
- Salsola kerneri (Wol.) Botsch.
- Salsola longifolia Forssk. : It occurs in Libya, Egypt, on the Sinai Peninsula and in Jordan.
- Salsola makranica Friday : It was first described by Pakistan.
- Salsola melitensis botsch. : It occurs in Malta.
- Salsola oppositifolia Desf. : It occurs in Spain, the Balearic Islands, Italy, Sicily and Malta, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula, Jordan and Israel.
- Salsola papillosa Willk. : It occurs in Spain.
- Salsola rosmarinus (Ehrenb. Ex Boiss.) Akhani (Basionym: Seidlitzia rosmarinus Ehrenb. Ex Boiss. )
- Salsola schweinfurthii Solms-Laub.
- Salsola setifera (Moq.) Akhani (Basionym: Anabasis setifera Moq. )
- Salsola sinaica Brullo : It was first described from the Sinai peninsula.
- Salsola soda L.
- Salsola stocksii Boiss.
- Salsola tunetana Brullo : It occurs in Tunisia and Libya.
- Salsola verticillata Schousboe : It occurs in Morocco.
- Salsola zygophylla Batt. & Trot. : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia.
- Salsola zygophylloides (Aellen & Townsend) Akhani (Basionym: Fadenia zygophylloides Aellen & Townsend )
In 2014, Mosyakin et al. before, instead of Salsola soda rather Salsola kali (= Kali turgida ) as a new type for the genus Salsola set. If this suggestion is followed, all species of the genus Kali will again belong to Salsola . For the Akhani et al. The generic name soda would be available for salsola species .
distribution
When the genus is split into several genera, the distribution area for the genus Salsola in the narrower sense is also smaller. The distribution area now includes central and southwest Asia, North Africa and the Mediterranean.
use
Salsola soda , also called “monk's beard” or “ barba di frate ” (the term “Agretti” has recently been established), is mainly used in Italian cuisine. The young, thick, fleshy and stem-like leaves are raw or short blanched and processed like spinach. This type is also used to produce potash .
swell
- Sergei L. Mosyakin: Salsola. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 398 (English, in the old, wide generic scope). , online (section description).
- Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants: Salsola . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , pp. 402 (English, in the old, broad generic scope). , PDF file, online (section description).
- Helmut Friday: Salsola. In: Helmut Freitag, Ian C. Hedge, Saiyad Masudal Hasan Jafri, Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich, S. Omer, Pertti Uotila: Flora of Pakistan 204: Chenopodiaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 2001 (in the old, broad genre), online (section description).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 222, digitized
- ↑ a b c Hossein Akhani, Gerald Edwards, Eric H. Roalson: Diversification Of The Old World Salsoleae sl (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Of Nuclear And Chloroplast Data Sets And A Revised Classification. In: International Journal of Plant Sciences. Volume 168, No. 6, 2007, pp. 931-956.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Pertti Johannes Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae . Datasheet Salsola In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ Sergei L. Mosyakin, Sabrina Rilke, Helmut Freitag: (2323) Proposal to conserve the name Salsola (Chenopodiaceae s. Str .; Amaranthaceae sensu APG) with a conserved type . In: Taxon . tape 63 , no. 5 , October 29, 2014, p. 1134–1135 , doi : 10.12705 / 635.15 .
- ↑ http://www.experto.de/b2c/gesundheit/ernaehrung/basische-ernaehrung/basische-lebensmittel-agretti-aus-italien.html
- ↑ http://www.bettybossi.ch/de/schwerpunkt/2022_iwb_spkt_sais.aspx ( Memento from June 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Salsola soda at Plants For A Future