Hill brine

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Hill brine
Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Salsoloideae
Tribe : Salsoleae
Genre : Potash
Type : Hill brine
Scientific name
Kali collinum
( Pall. ) Akhani & Roalson

The hill-saltwort ( Kali collinum ) is a flowering plant in the family of amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae), which used to be the salt herbs ( Salsola belonged). The East European-Asian species occasionally occurs in Central Europe and seems to be naturalized here.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The hill salt herb is an annual herbaceous plant with a stature height of 20 to 60 (rarely up to 100) cm. The upright stem , loosely branched from the base, is greenish beige or green-red striped and bald to stiff-haired.

The alternate leaves reach a length of 20 to 105 mm and a width of 0.5 to 0.8 mm. They are half-stemmed, filiform and end in a 0.5 to 1 mm long thorny tip. The base of the leaf widens to encompass half of the stem, is skin-margined and has short ciliates. The species is very variable in size, growth form, leaf length and hairiness.

Inflorescences and flowers

The inflorescences are terminal, dense, crowded ears. The upright support sheets are clearly distinct from the sheets, they are the axis on at least the lower part and cover themselves in an imbricated manner, at the top, they are often curved slightly outwardly. The bracts and propsheets have an almost constant length of 3 to 9 mm.

The hermaphroditic flowers sitting individually (rarely in twos or threes) in the armpits are covered by the bracts. The inflorescence consists of five elliptical, bare tepals with a length of 1.5 to 2.5 mm, which are single-nerved with an indistinct central rib and a soft, translucent tip. There are five stamens with narrow, elongated anthers from 0.8 to 1.2 mm in length. The ovary ends in long thread-like scars.

The flowering period extends from June to September, the plant is fruitful until winter.

Fruits and seeds

The fruits (fruit enclosed by the inflorescence) are usually hidden between the bracts and bracts. They are only 1.5 to 3.5 mm wide, usually without wings or only with short appendages. The Tepalenzipfel are soft and wrinkled, rarely one can be more or less firm. There is another type of fruit ( heterocarpy ): Further down on the stem, the fruits often grow together at the base with the surrounding bracts and bracts and together with them they form a unit of expansion.

The seed stands vertically, obliquely or rarely horizontally.

Identifying features

Ruthenian brine ( Kali tragus ) is similar , especially young plants are easy to confuse. The hill saltwort differs mainly in its smaller, short-winged fruits and in the bracts and bracts that lie close to the base of the axis.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

Occurrence

The hill salt herb is native to the warm, summer temperate regions of Eastern Europe (southern European Russia ) and Asia . As an adventitious plant , the species has spread widely. It is now considered naturalized in Ukraine . It occurs inconsistently in Central Europe and has penetrated as far as Spain in the west .

The species appeared in North America from around 1923, and its distribution is still underestimated. There it grows at altitudes from 100 to 2000 m.

In Pakistan it can be found at altitudes from 1500 to 3000 m. In its natural distribution area in the steppe and semi-desert zone , Kali collinum colonizes open areas, for example moving sand areas, river banks, scree slopes and gravel areas. It prefers sandy, mostly salty soil. It also penetrates into open ruderal vegetation or grows as field weeds .

After Central Europe is Kali collinum believed to have been introduced with grain transportation. It was first discovered in Germany in 1900 at the port of Mannheim . Since then, it has surfaced inconsistently in various places, mostly at port facilities, loading bays, train stations and railway lines, or in rubble, rubble and open sand areas. It seems to be spreading along rivers and railway lines. In the last three decades more occurrences have been observed, especially in Berlin , Leipzig , Hamburg , Bremen , Schleswig-Holstein ( Eckernförde ) and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ( Nowawes , Eldena , Lubmin ). Possibly the species is about to naturalize in Central Europe.

Systematics

The first description of the hill-salt herb was carried out in 1803 by Peter Simon Pallas under the name Salsola collina Pall. (in Illustrationes Plantarum 34, pl. 26). The species was later regarded as a subspecies of the Kali salt herb. She belonged to the Salsola sect section . Potash . Due to phylogenetic studies, Hossein Akhani and Eric H. Roalson divided the genus Salsola in 2007 and placed the species in the genus Kali , (in the incorrect spelling Kali collina ).

Synonyms of Kali collinum (Pall.) Akhani & EHRoalson referring to the same type are Salsola collina Pall. and Salsola kali subsp. collina (Pall.) Bolòs & Vigo . Other synonyms are Salsola erubescens Schrad. and Salsola ircutiana Gand. Salsola chinensis Gand is also found in the Flora of China . called.

Economical meaning

Medicinal plant and ingredients

In Chinese medicine, the hill salt herb (under the former name Salsola collina ) is used as a medicinal plant to lower high blood pressure . To do this, a tea made from the whole plant is taken twice a day for 6 months. Tea products are available on the internet.

In the search for the active ingredients, several alkaloids were identified (N-transferuloyl-3-methyl dopamine , 3- [4- (beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) -3-methoxyphenyl] -N- [2- (4-hydroxy-3- Methoxyphenyl) ethyl] -2-propenamide and salsolin A and salsolin B). Other ingredients found were: n- lignoceric acid , alkanoic acids (n-dotriacontanoic acid), phytosterols ( β-sitosterol ), isoflavones (5,2'-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy-isoflavone), vanillic acid , glucosides ((-) syringaresinol 4,4'-bis-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) and salicylic acid .

Other meaning

The young leaves and stems were boiled and eaten in times of need.

In agriculture, the hill saltweed causes problems as a weed in both Asia and America .

supporting documents

  • Sabrina Rilke: Salsola collina Pall. (Chenopodiaceae) - Comments on adventitious occurrences in Germany and their differentiation from Salsola kali L. - Florist circulars 31 (2), pp. 99–111, Bochum 1997. PDF file (sections description, number of chromosomes, occurrence, systematics)

Individual evidence

  1. a b Entry in Tropicos , accessed February 23, 2012
  2. a b c Helmut Freitag et al .: Salsola collina . In: Flora of Pakistan , Vol. 204 - Missouri Botanical Garden Press & University of Karachi. 2001, ISBN 1930723105
  3. a b Pertti Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Salsola collina - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. Sergei L. Mosyakin: Salsola collina - p. 402 online . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 (English).
  5. ^ Sabrina Rilke: Revision of the section Salsola SL of the genus Salsola (Chenopodiaceae) . In: Bibliotheca Botanica , Volume 149, 1999. ISBN 978-3-510-48020-3 (abstract online)
  6. Hossein Akhani, Gerald Edwards & Eric H. Roalson: Diversification Of The Old World Salsoleae SL (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Of Nuclear And Chloroplast Data Sets And A Revised Classification , in: International Journal of Plant Sciences , 168 (6), 2007, p. 946.
  7. ^ Kali collinum , International Plant Names Index , (specific epithet in neuter), accessed January 15, 2016.
  8. a b Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Salsola collina - p. 409 online . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X (English).
  9. a b Salsola collina at Plants For A Future , accessed February 23, 2012
  10. Xiang Y, Li YB, Zhang J, Li P, Yao YZ: A new alkaloid from Salsola collina. In: Yao Xue Xue Bao (Acta pharmaceutica sinica) 42 (6), pp. 618-620. 2007, PMID 17702398
  11. Wang XJ, Zhao YX, Jia XH, XB thing: Studies on the chemical constituents' of Salsola collina . In: Zhong Yao Cai (Journal of Chinese medicinal materials) 34 (2), pp. 230-231. 2011, PMID 21823480
  12. Entry at Agroatlas.ru
  13. Salsola collina at GRIN , accessed February 23, 2012

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