Vitis berlandieri
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Vitis berlandieri is a type of grapevine that is particularly important as a rootstock because of its phylloxera resistance. The discoverer of phylloxera Jules Émile Planchon (1823-1888) described the American wild species around 1880 and named it after the Swiss biologist Jean Louis Berlandier (1805-1851) who cataloged it for the first time. He was a close collaborator of Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle .
distribution
Vitis berlandieri is native to southwest Texas , New Mexico and northern Mexico . It is common on river banks and on hot, dry, calcareous hills. Due to the good adaptation to semi-desert locations, it has a number of breeding-relevant properties. In the vicinity of Fredericksburg in the Gillespie district to the west of Austin in Texas, Vitis berlandieri forms thick trunks near streams, grows vigorously to the top of the tree and unfolds its canopy there. On dry sites in the Blanco district, growth is greatly reduced and only reaches a height of 2 to 3 meters.
Vitis berlandieri on a tree in Texas.
Ampelographic features
Vitis berlandieri has an open shoot tip with white to red, very woolly hair. The leaf is heart-shaped with weak three-lobes. The underside of the leaf is hairy like a cobweb. The flower is usually dioecious and medium-sized grapes with many side branches develop. The berries are small, round, blue in color and the berry juice has a sour taste. Wine made from the grapes is of very poor quality.
Vitis berlandieri - leaves.
Vitis berlandieri - leaves.
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properties
Vitis berlandieri has a good resistance to the root aphid , oidium and downy mildew . It has a high tolerance to lime and salt, but needs a longer vegetation period. The poor rootability of cuttings is disadvantageous for propagation, which makes them unusable as the sole rootstock. It is therefore most important as a crossbreeding partner in the breeding of rootstock varieties. The introduction of Vitis berlandieri as a crossbreeding partner alone led to lime-resistant rootstock varieties. The Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia hybrids are of the greatest importance .
use
Vitis berlandieri is the most interesting of all types of vine for use as a rootstock for the different and calcareous soils in Europe. Due to their poor rooting ability and the associated slow and poor development of the vines in the first few years, the production of hybrids was concerned. Euryale Rességuier, a French nurseryman, has selected a type from the Berlandieri that is referred to as Berlandieri Rességuier No. 2 in literature. However, due to the disadvantages already mentioned, this has no significance in practice. Euryale Rességuier has also looked at hybridization with Vitis riparia . In 1896 the Hungarian winery owner Sigmund Teleki in Villány obtained 22 pounds of wild grape seeds Vitis Berlandieri from him. Because of the special quarantine regulations at the time, traffic with green or woody parts of the vine was prohibited due to the risk of further spreading of phylloxera ( Viteus vitifoliae ), so Teleki obtained grape seeds. He planted about 40,000 seedlings believing that he had only received pure Vitis berlandieri . It soon turned out that only 10 seedlings were Vitis berlandieri and most of them were Franco and American-American hybrids. The Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia hybrids selected by Sigmund Teleki later formed the basis for the most important rootstock varieties, such as Teleki 5 A , Kober 5 BB , Kober 125 AA , Teleki 8 B , Teleki 5 C and Selektion Oppenheim 4 .
Synonyms
Vitis aestivalis Gray , Vitis aestivalis var. Monticola Engelmann , Vitis aestivalis Wright , Vitis cordifolia Coriaca Davin , Vitis coriacea Davin , Vitis montana Buckl. , Vitis monticola Durand , Vitis monticola Engelmann , Vitis monticola Mill .
Common names
Kalkrebe, Fall Grape, Mountain Grape, Spanish Grape, Suger Grape, Sweet Grape, Uva Cimarrona, Winter Grape.
literature
- Hans Ambrosi , Bernd HE Hill, Erika Maul, Ernst H. Rühl, Joachim Schmid, Fritz Schumann: color atlas grape varieties. 300 varieties and their wines. 3rd, completely revised edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5957-4 .
- Karl Bauer: Viticulture (= AV specialist book. ). 8th, updated edition. Österreichischer Agrarverlag, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-7040-2284-4 .
- Pierre Galet : Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages. Hachette, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-01-236331-8 .
Web links
- Vitis berlandieri in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Vine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English)
- BONAP's North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) ( Memento from January 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ^ DP Pongrácz: Rootstock for Grape-vines. David Philip Publisher, Cape Town et al. 1983, ISBN 0-908396-67-8 , p. 67.
- ^ Karl Müller (ed.): Viticulture Lexicon. For winemakers, wine merchants, coopers and innkeepers. Paul Parey publishing house, Berlin 1930, p. 881.
- ↑ Hans Ambrosi, Bernd HE Hill, Erika Maul, first H. Rühl, Joachim Schmid, Fritz Schuhmann: color atlas grape varieties. 3rd, completely revised edition. 2011, p. 36.
- ↑ Joachim Schmid, Frank Manty, Peter Cousins: In search of Vitis berlandieri in their area of origin in Texas. In: German Viticulture Yearbook. Vol. 59, 2007, ISSN 0343-3714 , pp. 146-152.
- ^ Andor Teleki: Modern viticulture. The reconstruction of the vineyards. 3rd, completely revised and significantly expanded edition. A. Hartleben, Vienna et al. 1927, pp. 80–82.