Rakamaz
| Rakamaz | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Northern Great Plain | ||||
| County : | Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Tiszavasvári | ||||
| District since 1.1.2013 : | Nyíregyháza | ||||
| Coordinates : | 48 ° 7 ' N , 21 ° 29' E | ||||
| Area : | 42.64 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 4,688 (Jan 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 110 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 42 | ||||
| Postal code : | 4465 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 14739 | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2020) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Mayor : | László Bodnár (independent) | ||||
| Postal address : | Szent István út 116 4465 Rakamaz |
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| Website : | |||||
| (Source: at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Rakamaz is a Hungarian town in the district of Nyíregyháza in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County .
The village is located at the confluence of the Bodrog in the Tisza , 32 km northwest of the county capital Nyíregyháza , near the city of Tokaj . The return water of the Tisza (Nagy-Morotva) borders the settlement in the south like a sickle. The climate is moderately warm to dry. Rakamaz is one of the oldest settlements in the Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg combine.
City history
Rakamaz has a small but far-reaching history behind it. Due to a flood at the end of the 19th century, old relics from the period of the 1st century AD were found by chance, which suggests that the trade route from the Balkans to Poland led through Rakamaz. The town next to the Tisza is one of the oldest settlements in the county. It was first mentioned in written sources in 1067.
Czech Hussites destroyed the village in 1445, but in 1556 it was again one of the most populous settlements in the Szabolcs district with 450 inhabitants. The Turkish destruction also reached the village, leaving only 25 serfs in the 16th century.
After the Peace of Sathmar , the village, like other goods, was confiscated by Rákóczi . The royal treasury tried unsuccessfully to populate the abandoned settlement. According to the census, Rakamaz was uninhabited between 1704 and 1729. Thereupon attempts were made to populate the area with Swabian settlers ("Sváb") for the first time from 1729 during the reign of Karl von Habsburg (King of Hungary). The completely depopulated camera property was to be settled with 150 German families by the imperial chief administrator Johann Franz Falck. In 1729 there was an appeal to the electors of Mainz, Trier and Palatinate, to the margraves of Baden, to the princes of Birkenfeld and Zweibrücken, to the counts of Darmstadt and the archbishop of Speyer to allow 200-300 Catholic families to emigrate to Hungary should. Rakamaz was settled by Germans who cultivated the Tokaj vineyards in addition to arable land and also received tax breaks. According to the Rakamaz register, the first group of German families arrived in the summer of 1729. This makes Rakamaz the oldest village in which Swabians were resettled in Hungary. The former field name "Wittemberg" gives an indication of the origin of the settlers from Württemberg. By the 20th century they were all Magyarized.
The village suffered great damage during the Revolution and the War of Independence of 1848–49. A tobacco warehouse was built in Rakamaz in the 1890s. This made the village a center for tobacco trading. With the development of cattle breeding, large farms were established. In 1900 Rakamaz had 3,740 inhabitants.
On April 19, 1919, in the course of World War I, the Romanians reached the Tisza Line and placed Rakamaz under Romanian occupation. Romanian troops retreating onto the Tokaj Bridge also blew up road and rail bridges. The army controlled the mountain of Tokaj and fired down on Rakamaz. The population sought protection in the cellar. On March 18, 1920, the eleven-month Romanian occupation ended. 114 Rakamaz soldiers lost their lives during the First World War. In 1930 the world economy was in crisis . At the time of the crisis, only the farms with the highest livestock production survived. Besides wheat, the rakamaz "main product" was potatoes. Despite these difficult times, Rakamaz had grown into a large community with 5,327 residents by 1930. Rakamaz became a popular location for shoemaking and boot making, the industry with the greatest development. Several craftsmen went from fair to fair and sold the popular Rakamaz shoes.
Tobacco stores with several hundred employees have created permanent jobs. Well-trained miners gave quarries work. In addition to all of these jobs, they also took part in agriculture. In 1941 Rakamaz had 5,421 inhabitants. On June 26, 1941, Hungary declared war on the Soviet Union. On April 12, 1944, all Rakamaz Jews, around 20 people, were taken to the assembly camp (ghetto) in Nyíregyháza and later deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp . In the course of the advance of the Red Army and the capture of the Tokaj region, 302 Rakamazers, predominantly of German descent, were captured and brought to the Soviet Union. After a one month bumpy ride, they arrived at the Donetsk coal field in Dombach. Here they were housed in a winter cold of 30-35 degrees. Rákosi brought her home for election propaganda in 1947.
Rakamaz received the rank of city on July 1, 2000.
Population development
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1556 | 450 |
| 1704 | 0 |
| 1787 | 1,350 |
| 1900 | 3,740 |
| 1930 | 5,327 |
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1941 | 5,421 |
| 1990 | 5,235 |
| 2001 | 5,253 |
| 2011 | 4,683 |
| 2019 | 4,294 |
* Data sources: Rakamaz City Council, National Statistics Office of Hungary
politics
mayor
- 1994–1998: Frigyes Pirint (independent)
- 1998–2002: János Bodnár (independent)
- 2002–2006: Frigyes Pirint (independent)
- 2006–2014: Ernő Farkas ( Fidesz - KDNP )
- 2014–2019: László Bodnár ( Rakamazi Civil Szervezetek Szövetsége)
- Since 2019: László Bodnár (independent)
coat of arms
The shape is a rounded triangular shield with two cross sections. Both corners of the shield are at a 45 degree angle to form two equilateral triangles. The shield field under the triangles is green with a silver eagle-like mythical bird of prey holding two small birds in its claws. They can be his own children, but that can also be a symbolic representation for the souls that are lifted up. On the right top of the shield head there is a red triangle with a silver Latin cross. The left triangle consists of one black and one gold horizontal stripe.
Explanation:
The central motif of the coat of arms is the depiction of a bird of prey that adorns the panes found on the edge of the village. These masterpieces from the Árpád period (1000–1300) are known throughout Hungary as “rakamazi disks”.
The black and gold band indicates that the population of the settlement in the first half of the 18th century was largely settled from the German state of Baden-Württemberg (the flag of the state of Baden-Württemberg is black and yellow).
The Latin cross on the red background symbolizes the Roman Catholic religion. The vast majority of the population believes in this denomination.
City flag
The flag base is 1.50 cm long, 0.90 m wide, white, with the city coat of arms in the middle and a golden triangular border on the edges.
Minorities
The nationality of the locals in 2011 showed that 89.7% were Hungarians, 4.8% belonged to the Roma group and 3% belonged to the German ethnic group. At the time of the 2019 elections there were local minorities of Roma and Germans in Rakamaz. The German minority eligible to vote consisted of 106 people at that time, the number of Roma eligible voters was 260.
religion
| proportion of | Religious affiliation |
|---|---|
| 54.3% | Roman Catholic |
| 8.3% | Reformed |
| 8.0% | Greek Catholic |
| 7.8% | Non-denominational |
| 1.7% | Other affiliation |
| 0.3% | Evangelical |
| 19.7% | Without specification |
Culture and sights
Churches
There are two Roman Catholic churches in Rakamaz. Firstly, the three-aisled church Szent István király , which was built from 1951 to 1960 according to plans by the Debrecen architect János Zsanda without government support on the spot where the retreating German army had blown up the former church on November 1, 1944. There is also the Szent Kereszt felmagasztalása chapel with Calvary , which was built in 1863. The Calvary Chapel is still considered a pilgrimage church today. In addition to Roman Catholic services, Greek Catholic services are also held here. The local church has church registers and religious books that date back to 1729.
school
Queen Elisabeth German Nationalities Elementary School (Rakamazi Erzsébet Királyné Német Nemzetiségi Általános Iskola)
The oldest records of the city school date from 1922. Until 1971, a branch of the Nyíregyháza trade school was in operation here in Rakamaz. Iron merchants, locksmiths, turners, carpenters, shoemakers and bricklayers were trained. Until 1992 the school carried out general public educational duties. Then a new form of education was introduced, special education (grades 9-10). The name of the school was renamed several times in the following years. Since the academic year 2001/2002 there has been German minority education at the school and, as part of this, German-language teaching. On December 20, 2013, representatives of the German minority self-government of the city of Rakamaz applied for national public education in accordance with CXC 2011 to include the citizenship designation of the Queen Elisabeth Elementary School in the basic professional documents.
Among other things, St. Martin's Day and the memory of the heroes of 1956 are traditionally celebrated. Every year there is a paper collection as part of environmental education. The proceeds will be used to reward children at school and to organize programs.
Monuments
- Queen Elizabeth Obelisk: On the floodplain section of main road 38, which connects Rakamaz with Tokaj, there is a triple hatched obelisk, which is decorated with trees and bushes. An inscription indicates that this is Queen Elizabeth's route and the distance between Tokaj and Rakamaz is 2.8 km. The monument was erected by the Chamber to commemorate the visit of Franz Joseph I and Queen Elizabeth I. On May 4, 1857, both traveled to Hungary to visit the beautiful landscapes of Bereg County, where the Ministry of Finance had done beautiful forestry.
- Turul-Vogel: As part of the urban renewal program, the main square of Rakamaz in front of the Roman Catholic church named after St. Stephen was renewed. A turul bird was placed on a six-meter-high limestone column in the middle of the square. The memorial column begins with a rock that contains some of the most beautiful pieces from the time of the conquest (Honfoglalás). A plinth, almost 80 centimeters in size, protrudes from the limestone column, which is inclined upwards and on the underside of which a palmetto motif is engraved, which is based on the Rakamazi Tarsoly plate. On top of the limestone pillar is the Turul motif, which is depicted on a 1.6 meter wide rakamazi plaited disc. The monument was inaugurated on October 9, 2009.
- WWII Monument: The WWII memorial is located in the center of the settlement behind the Roman Catholic Church near the Calvary. The memorial commemorates 114 dead. It was donated in 1991 by the people of the village.
Sports
- Soccer: RAKAMAZI SPARTACUS SE ( 2019/20: 5th League - Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg )
Festivities
- Swabian pig slaughter festival (2019 for the 15th time)
- Rakamaz Apple Festival (Rakamazi Jonagold Almafesztivál)
- Rakamazi Turul Festival (Rakamazi Turul Unnep)
trail
The Marienweg runs through Rakamaz. The expansion of the Marienweg between Mariazell in Austria and Csíksomlyó (Şumuleu Ciuc, Romania) began in 2006. This 1350 km long pilgrimage route has already been completely built and is easily recognizable by its characteristic purple M tourist sign.
Controversy: Turtle House
At the beginning of 2010, things looked very good for Rakamaz, because thanks to EU funding, the then city administration wanted to create a real tourist paradise along the Tisza. At that time the local government received 520 million HUF for the establishment of a two-kilometer-long waterway, a bird watching station, a visitor center (small turtle house) and an exhibition building (large turtle house).
However, the work progressed very slowly with several years delay and some development elements were even deleted, but in 2012 the completion was announced in the first phase. It was only during a later inspection that it turned out that some things were not in order, the Great Turtle House was not given permission to use it. Among other things, the electricity, water and gas supply for the large turtle house was not connected, which is why the elevator and aquarium could not be used. A total of 44 defects were listed for the Large Turtle House, 20 for the Small Turtle House and 9 for the Turtle Trail. According to this, HUF 34 million was certified and paid for work that was not carried out at all in 2013. But that's not the end. Another HUF 50 million was paid for irregular and incorrectly executed work.
Rakamaz was caught in an awkward position because of the project. 140 million HUF should have been spent to complete the Great Turtle House and the waterway. If this were not completed, the EU aid would have to be repaid. After a long wait, the EU project monitoring organization set the new city administration a deadline of June 15, 2016 in order to receive a usage permit. If this fails, the money must be refunded. Eventually the Hungarian government lent another HUF 80 million and the local government borrowed HUF 60 million for ten years. With this additional money, the first phase was completed on time.
The public prosecutor charged the then mayor Ernő Farkas and representatives of the three companies involved in the establishment. Ernő Farkas was sentenced in the first instance to two years in prison for falsifying accounting and reporting obligations, but the sentence was changed to four years probation.
Todays use:
The exhibition room of the Great Tortoise House is home to hand-painted historical flags by a Hungarian painter. The flags go back to the 20th century. The turul bird is an important element of the Hungarian fairy tale world and is also part of the exhibition. Photographs of artefacts found between 1956 and 1974 on the border with Rakamaz can also be viewed. The Jósa András Museum in Nyíregyháza now houses these works of art.
There is also an exhibition for the Turul celebration. This part is intended to remember those who lived in the "Upper Tisza and Bodrogköz" region, the first princely residential area, after the battle of Bratislava in 907. Traditional clothing and the life that existed in Hungary at that time should be modeled here.
traffic
The main road No. 38 runs through Rakamaz , onto which road No. 3821 comes from the north and road No. 3633 when coming from the south. The city is connected to the railway line from Miskolc to Nyíregyháza.
Web links
- Rakamaz Official Website (Hungarian)
- Rakamaz in A Pallas nagy lexikona (Hungarian)
- Károly Perényi: A Kálvária-kápolna Rakamazon és a Római Katolikus templom (Szent István király). (Hungarian)
swell
- ↑ Rakamaz City Administration: Rakamaz a feltárt leletek tükrében. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Rakamaz Municipality: Rakamaz újratelepítése. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ A. Tafferner: Source book on Danube Swabian history . tape 3 . Stuttgart 1978, p. 178 ff .
- ^ Anton Tressel: The portal of the Hungarian Germans - Eretkutatás falvanként N-tõl T-ig. Accessed March 1, 2020 (German).
- ^ The time of the settlements in Hungary. Retrieved March 1, 2020 .
- ↑ Gerhard Seewann: History of the Germans in Hungary: From the early Middle Ages to 1860 . tape 1 . Marburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-87969-373-3 , pp. 163 .
- ↑ Rakamaz City Administration: Rakamaz a két világháború között. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Rakamaz City Administration: Rakamaz a két világháború között. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Beáta Márkus: Deportation of German-born civilians from Hungary to the Soviet Union 1944/1945 (dissertation) . Budapest 2019, p. 438 .
- ^ National Statistics Office of Hungary: Rakamaz - Népesség, lakásállomány, terület. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ National Electoral Office Hungary: Election result of the city selection of Rakamaz. October 13, 2019, accessed February 29, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ^ University of Vienna: Hungarian Regional and Cultural Studies I. 2019, p. 38 , accessed on February 29, 2020 .
- ^ National and historical symbols of Hungary. Retrieved March 1, 2020 .
- ↑ National Statistics Office of Hungary: Rakamaz - A helység lakóinak vallási összetétele 2011-ben. 2011, accessed March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ National Election Office Hungary: település adatlap. October 13, 2019, accessed March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ National Statistics Office of Hungary: Rakamaz - A helység lakóinak vallási összetétele 2011. 2011, accessed on March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Queen Elisabeth German nationalities primary school: Üdvözlöm a Rakamazi Általános Iskola honlapján |. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Erzsébet királyné obeliszk. In: Köztérkép. March 23, 2010, accessed February 29, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megye - A Turulmadár nyomán. Retrieved March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ II. Világháborús emlékmű. In: Köztérkép. September 18, 2018, accessed March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Megúszta feleitsztett börtönnel Rakamaz volt polgármestere a teknősbékaház-Kurbázást. In: Magyar Hang. January 23, 2020, accessed March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Anita Nánási: Őseink nyomában a Rakamazi Teknősházban - Hírek 360. 2018, accessed on March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ Szalai Bálint: Enyhítettek a volt Rakamazi polgármester büntetésén. January 15, 2020, accessed March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).
- ↑ 660 millióba keräne, de még rá kellett költeni 140 milliót, hogy aztán további 230 millióból befejezzék, mi az? November 2, 2016, accessed March 1, 2020 (Hungarian).