Kampmann Bridge
Coordinates: 51 ° 23 ′ 52 " N , 7 ° 4 ′ 45" E
| Kampmann Bridge | ||
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| Official name | Kampmann Bridge | |
| use | Road / pedestrian bridge | |
| Convicted | Kampmannbrücke street | |
| Crossing of | Dysentery | |
| place | Essen - Heisingen / Kupferdreh | |
| construction | 1st construction: pontoon bridge 2nd construction: girder bridge 3rd construction: cable-stayed bridge |
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| overall length | 1st and 2nd construction: 100–113 m 3rd construction:
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| width | 1st construction: k. A. 2nd construction: k. A. 3rd construction: 11.7 m |
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| Longest span | 1st construction: pontoon system 2nd construction: 7 × 13.5 m 3rd construction: k. A. |
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| height | 1st construction: approx. 3 m 2nd construction: approx. 4 m 3rd construction: 27 m |
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| Load capacity | 1st construction: k. A. 2nd construction: k. A. 3rd construction: 48 t |
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| Headroom | 1st construction: <1 m 2nd construction: <1 m 3rd construction: 4.7 m |
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| vehicles per day | 1st construction: k. A. 2nd construction: 4000 3rd construction 11,000 (estimate) |
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| building-costs | 1st construction: k. A. 1st construction: k. A. 3rd construction: 14.3 million euros |
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| start of building | 1st construction: approx. 1895 2nd construction: 1950 3rd construction: 2017 |
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| completion | 1st construction: 1895 2nd construction: 1951 3rd construction: 2019 |
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| opening | 1st construction: 1895 2nd construction: 1951 3rd construction: December 20, 2019 |
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| closure | 1st construction: around 1950 2nd construction: July 2016 |
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| toll | 1st construction: 5 Pfennig 2nd construction: none 3rd construction: none |
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| location | ||
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| Above sea level | 51 m | |
The Kampmannbrücke is a cable-stayed - road and pedestrian bridge connecting the two Essenes neighborhoods Heisingen and Kupferdreh at river kilometer 37.1 on the Ruhr together. As a result of demolition and new construction, three bridge structures have been named after the Kampmann family from 1895 until today.
history
Ferry service from 1790 to 1894
The Kampmann family, which gives it its name, has maintained a Ruhr ferry at the site of today's bridge since 1790. This privately run ferry operated from 1831 for the account of the Prussian state. In 1884 the ferry changed hands, with the last tenant being the miner Heinrich Kleinheidt from Heisingen. On December 13, 1894, the distillery owner Kampmann received a 40-year concession to build and operate a bridge from the royal government in Düsseldorf. With that the ferry was canceled.
Pontoon bridge from 1895 to the post-war period
In 1895 the first Kampmann Bridge, which connected the then independent towns of Kupferdreh and Heisingen, was completed. The copper turner businessman Hermann Kampmann had this bridge built on the site of the former ferry service.
It was a pontoon bridge floating on the Ruhr . During high tide, it could be fixed on a higher driveway using a winch. This process was patented and also implemented on the Holtey floating bridge between Horst and Burgaltendorf . There, as here at the Kampmannbrücke, a state-approved fee of five pfennigs was demanded in favor of the operator via the ticket booth and barrier. After being destroyed by floods in 1928, the pontoon bridge had to be rebuilt.
The street that led over the bridge was named Ruhrbrücke on November 13, 1900 , and has been called Kampmannbrücke since June 28, 1934 .
The pontoon bridge was destroyed in the Second World War and provisionally rebuilt in 1943 by the Todt Organization . The abutments , which once absorbed the forces of the wooden deck on rolled section girders, were undermined by floods in February 1946. The following summer they were underpinned with stamped concrete foundations and provided with sheet pile boxes.
Girder bridge 1951 to 2016
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Bridge 1951-2016
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Single lane narrowing of the lane
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In the years 1950 to 1951, the old pontoon bridge was replaced by a girder bridge built by Hochtief . For this purpose, the original four wooden yoke piles with wooden yokes were replaced with reinforced concrete bored piles with a steel jacket and the yokes with reinforced concrete yoke beams. The old rolled section girders that carried the wooden deck slab were reused and the deck renewed with a reinforced concrete composite structure. The yoke piles were secured above the water level with a 20 cm thick reinforced concrete slab that acted as a breakwater.
This bridge was intended as a makeshift bridge, but had to remain in operation until 2016 for cost reasons.
Since the Theodor-Heuss-Brücke ( Theodor-Heuss-Brücke) in the north, which was completed in the 1970s and over which the A44 runs ( called B227 until 2010 ), the street over the Kampmannbrücke has been considered a branch line between the two districts of Heisingen and Kupferdreh at the eastern end of Lake Baldeney .
The once two-lane Kampmann Bridge has only been accessible in one lane since the mid-2000s due to its deteriorating load-bearing capacity for safety reasons. A traffic light system regulated the direction of travel. The steel shell of the bridge that held the concrete of the load-bearing pillars was already in ruins in 2009. Nevertheless, according to the civil engineering department in Essen, the stability was still given.
On July 18, 2016, the bridge was permanently closed. After the lines running over the bridge had been rebuilt, it was demolished from September 2016 to February / March 2017.
Cable-stayed bridge since 2019
Data
The cable-stayed bridge planned by the Stuttgart company Schlaich Bergermann Partner was built within around three years and completed in December 2019. It consists of the foreland bridge made of a solid reinforced concrete slab on the Heisinger Ufer and the main bridge, which together have a length of 173 meters. This means that it can still be used during floods. The main bridge is suspended from two 27 meter high pylons and offers a passage height of 4.7 meters over a width of 20 meters for possible navigation. In addition to two 3.25-meter-wide lanes, a 3.5-meter-wide footpath and cycle path are laid out on the south side of the bridge on the composite deck. The bridge is designed for an axle load of 240 kilo-Newtons (KN) , which corresponds to a load of 48 tons on two axles.
Planning
The city of Essen did not consider renovating the existing Kampmann Bridge, so a higher bridge was built, which is also suitable for possible shipping. On November 23, 2011, the City Council of Essen decided to build a new bridge. The costs were given as 11.4 million euros, of which 65 percent (around 6.5 million euros) were planned from state funds from the state government of North Rhine-Westphalia . However, these were not applied for in good time because the planning was repeatedly delayed by amendments from the CDU council group. In 2013, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia ordered a general reduction in funding and no longer made any available for the Kampmann Bridge (lack of planning security). In order to realize the necessary construction of a bridge anyway, the city council decided on March 20, 2013 to finance a new, modified bridge itself, estimated at a good ten million euros.
There was a first call for tenders for the demolition of the old and the construction of the new bridge, for which the application period ended at the beginning of February 2015. The planned start of construction in April 2015 could not take place, however, as the results of this first EU-wide tender had exceeded the costs announced by the city by 1.358 million euros. This resulted in no award for one of the four companies offering it. Since it was originally designed as a suspension cable construction, the bridge was now re- tendered as a conventional cable-stayed bridge , which delayed the construction project by around a year.
In June 2016, the city council's construction committee decided to award the construction contract, including the construction of roads, supply lines and rainwater sewers, with a total cost of around 9.8 million euros to a bidding consortium. After the third increase in construction costs, these totaled 13.2 million euros in September 2017. The reasons given were, among other things, ordnance investigations. Cartridges, grenades and ammunition were found on the bottom of the Ruhr, which were probably disposed of here during the turmoil of the last days of World War II . Furthermore, the construction pit had to be reinforced with a sheet pile wall to prevent an embankment from sliding off. In addition, the removal of so-called unforeseen obstacles and the construction of a neutralization system for cleaning the pit water were added.
The fourth and final cost increase followed in September 2018 to a total of 14.3 million euros. The reasons given were that a pontoon system required for the construction work had to be kept longer than planned, as well as a static reinforcement of the abutments for the new bridge.
Establishment and opening
The preparatory work for the construction of the new cable-stayed bridge began following the demolition of the girder bridge at the beginning of 2017. One pillar of the old bridge was retained and was expanded and used for the new cable-stayed bridge.
Since the bridge is located in the floodplain and in the immediate vicinity of the Heisinger Ruhraue nature reserve, strict nature conservation requirements had to be complied with, which had an impact on technical requirements and thus construction costs. So no lowering of the groundwater was allowed. In addition, amphibious tunnels were installed in the area of Wuppertaler Straße. The times of street lighting are also set. It must be switched off every year from March 1st to October 31st from 10:30 p.m. to 5 a.m. Outside of this time, in the interests of nature conservation, the lighting is controlled with radar sensors, so that when pedestrians or vehicles move, the light is only switched on in the necessary area.
In the course of the construction work, the Wuppertaler Straße on the Heisinger side was renewed and raised by around 1.5 meters. At the beginning of June 2018, the 324 ton steel structure of the bridge including pylons was completed.
The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on May 6, 2019 in the presence of Mayor Thomas Kufen .
The ceremonial opening of the cable-stayed bridge also took place on December 20, 2019 by Lord Mayor Thomas Kufen as well as District Mayor Manfred Kuhmichel and the Executive Vice President for Environment, Building and Sport in the person of Simone Raskob. The bridge was opened to motorized traffic in the early evening of the same day. Remaining work, such as paving adjacent areas, commissioning the lighting and creating green spaces, was completed by spring 2020.
Death
On May 2, 2018, a worker fell from the bridge under construction into the Ruhr. He was found dead a few days later. As a result, a memorial ceremony was held on June 3, 2018. For the topping-out ceremony, a plaque commemorating the accident was attached to the bridge. The death was also commemorated when the bridge was opened.
literature
- Christoph Schmitz: The Ruhr bridges. Ardey Verlag, Münster 2004; Pp. 421-422. ISBN 3-87023-311-7
Web links
- History and pictures of the Kampmann Bridge on essen.de
- old Kampmann Bridge. In: Structurae
- new Kampmann bridge. In: Structurae
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c construction progress of the Kampmann Bridge ; In: Homepage of the city of Essen; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ a b Kampmann Bridge over the Ruhr will probably be closed from July , in: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of May 17, 2016; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ a b City approves Kampmannbrücke , In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of June 25, 2016; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ a b c d Opening of the Kampmann Bridge on December 20 ; Press release from the city of Essen from December 10, 2019; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ a b Erwin Dickhoff: Essener streets . Ed .: City of Essen - Historical Association for City and Monastery of Essen. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2015, ISBN 978-3-8375-1231-1 , p. 186 .
- ↑ Kampmannbrücke: No danger to security , In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of February 12, 2009
- ↑ Kampmannbrücke closed from Monday , in: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of July 17, 2016; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ Kampmannbrücke: Council decides to build a new building with its own funds , in: Essen Local Compass of March 21, 2013; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ New construction of the Kampmann Bridge is put out to tender, press release of the City of Essen from February 27, 2015; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ Kampmannbrücke on Baldeneysee is getting even more expensive , in: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of September 9, 2017; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ Marcus Schymiczek: Kampmann Bridge in Essen-Kupferdreh will be even more expensive ; In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of September 14, 2018
- ^ The steel structure of the Kampmann Bridge is in place , In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of June 4, 2018; accessed on December 11, 2019
- ↑ Topping- out ceremony for Kampmann Bridge celebrated ; Press release from the city of Essen on May 6, 2019; accessed on December 21, 2019
- ↑ Kampmann Bridge officially opened ; Press release of the city of Essen from May 20, 2019; accessed on December 21, 2019
- ^ Search for missing construction workers in the Ruhr continues , In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of May 4, 2018; accessed on December 11, 2019